graph TD
    A["Channelrhodopsin-2 in Astrocytes"] --> B["Blue Light Stimulation"]
    B --> C["Controlled Ca2+ Influx"]
    C --> D["Tunneling Nanotube Formation"]
    D --> E["Mitochondrial Transfer to Neurons"]

    F["Damaged Neurons"] --> G["Mitochondrial Dysfunction"]
    G --> H["ATP Depletion"]
    G --> I["ROS Accumulation"]

    E --> J["Healthy Mito Integration"]
    J --> K["Restored ATP Production"]
    J --> L["Normalized ROS Levels"]

    K --> M["Neuronal Rescue"]
    L --> M

    N["Optogenetic Advantages"] --> O["Temporal Precision"]
    N --> P["Spatial Precision"]
    N --> Q["Dose Control via Light"]

    O --> R["Triggered On-Demand"]
    P --> S["Target Specific Brain Regions"]
    Q --> T["Titrate Transfer Rate"]

    R --> U["Precision Neuroprotection"]
    S --> U
    T --> U

    style A fill:#1a3a4a,stroke:#4fc3f7,color:#e0e0e0
    style F fill:#4a1942,stroke:#ce93d8,color:#e0e0e0
    style J fill:#1a3a2a,stroke:#81c784,color:#e0e0e0
    style U fill:#2a3a1a,stroke:#c5e1a5,color:#e0e0e0