🧪
hypothesis

AD Polygenic Risk Score predicts transcriptomic aging acceleration in a dose-dependent manner

Hypothesis

AD Polygenic Risk Score predicts transcriptomic aging acceleration in a dose-dependent manner

Individuals with high AD polygenic risk score (PRS) show earlier onset and steeper progression of the mouse-defined transcriptomic aging program (CARS, Section 24), corresponding to 5-10 additional years of molecular aging.
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neurodegeneration
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🧪 Overview

Individuals with high AD polygenic risk score (PRS) show earlier onset and steeper progression of the mouse-defined transcriptomic aging program (CARS, Section 24), corresponding to 5-10 additional years of molecular aging. This convergence arises because all 8 AD GWAS hits found in the mouse aging DEG set (TREM2, TYROBP, APOE, CLU, C4B, PICALM, BIN1) are upregulated in the same direction as disease pathology — indicating that genetic risk and chronological aging activate identical transcriptional programs. Fisher exact test: OR=6.5 p<0.001.

🧬 Mechanism

🧬 Curated Mechanism Pathway

Curated pathway from expert analysis

flowchart TD
    A["AD Polygenic Risk Score<br/>High Genetic Load"]
    B["AD GWAS Hit Enrichment<br/>in Aging DEGs (OR=6.5, p<0.001)"]
    C["8 Directionally Concordant Genes<br/>TREM2, TYROBP, APOE, CLU, C4B, PICALM, BIN1"]
    D["Microglial / Immune<br/>Transcriptional Upregulation"]
    E["CARS Transcriptomic Aging<br/>Acceleration (5-10 yr equivalent)"]
    F["Earlier AD Onset &<br/>Steeper Progression"]
    G["eQTL: AD Risk Variants<br/>Modulate TREM2/APOE Expression"]
    H["ROSMAP: PRS → Higher<br/>Transcriptomic Aging Rate"]
    A --> B
    B --> C
    C --> D
    D --> E
    E --> F
    G --> C
    H --> E

⚖️ Evidence

⚖️ Evidence Matrix5 supports4 contradicts
Supports
Fisher enrichment OR=6.5 (p<0.001) of AD GWAS hits in aging DEGs
Supports
All 8 overlapping genes are directionally concordant (upregulated in both aging and AD pathology)
Supports
TREM2, TYROBP, APOE co-upregulated with age in hippocampus and cortex
Supports
eQTL studies show AD risk variants modulate TREM2/APOE expression magnitude
Supports
ROSMAP cohort data show PRS associates with transcriptomic aging rate
Contradicts
Mouse aging DEGs may not map perfectly to GWAS effector genes
Contradicts
GWAS loci have many candidate genes and true effectors remain uncertain
Contradicts
Reverse causality possible (aging biology drives GWAS signal, not vice versa)
Contradicts
No direct PRS × CARS regression in human cohorts yet performed
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🏥 Translation

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