ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health challenge, yet current clinical treatments fail to significantly reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YS) granule, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in mainland China, has demonstrated efficacy in improving renal function, reducing proteinuria, and mitigating renal pathological damage in CKD patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of YS granule remain un...