UNLABELLED: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe and prevalent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often leading to progressive kidney damage. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, arising from proteostatic imbalance, triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) as an initial protective mechanism. However, sustained ER stress can promote apoptosis and exacerbate renal injury, playing a crucial role in the development of LN. The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), a ligand-activated transc...