OBJECTIVES: Approximately one-third of epilepsy patients will not achieve seizure freedom with current antiseizure medications, and the identification of novel treatment targets is needed. We characterized alterations in neuroinflammation-related mRNA levels to aid in the identification of possible molecular mediators of DRTLE and discuss the potential for immunomodulatory therapies in this condition. METHODS: Temporal lobe samples from DRTLE and postmortem controls without neurological conditio...