Figure 3.Figure 3
Mechanisms of activity-regulated midbrain cholinergic neuron-to-glioma signaling (A) Quantification of glioma cell proliferation (EdU + /HNA + ) in DMG cells exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from LDT or PPN midbrain explants following cholinergic neuronal optogenetic stimulation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc analysis; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Data = mean ± SEM; n = three independent experiments, each with three wells per condition; each data point represents the mean of three wells per condition for a given experiment. (B and C) Measurement of BDNF and acetylcholine levels in midbrain explant CM from (B) LDT and (C) PPN. Data = mean ± SEM; n = three independent experiments, each with three wells per condition; each data point represents the mean of three wells per condition for a given experiment. (D and E) Schematic of the experimental paradigm and representative image showing the recording site for GRAB-ACh3.0 sensor experiment, performed to m