Figure 1Figure 1
Schematic diagram of nutritional medicine targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit microplastic-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in diabetes and related complications. ROS—reactive oxygen species; Nrf2—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; NF-κB—nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells; HO-1—heme oxygenase-1; SOD—superoxide dismutase; CAT—catalase; NLRP3—NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; GSDMD—gasdermin D; TXNIP—thioredoxin-interacting protein; IL-18—interleukin-18; TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β—interleukin-1 beta; ASC—apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; GSDMD-NT—gasdermin D N -terminal; IRS1—insulin receptor substrate 1; IRS2—insulin receptor substrate 2; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt—protein kinase B; GSK3β—glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.