Fig. 5Figure 5
Prolonged anesthesia enhanced microglia phagocytosis and chemotaxis and then triggered microglial synaptic engulfment resulting in synaptic loss. A Prolonged anesthesia decreased the expression of the mRNA of synaptic markers, including SYP, SYN1, and PSD95 ( n = 3 per group). B Prolonged anesthesia increased the expression of the mRNA of complement markers, including C1qa and C3 ( n = 3 per group). C Prolonged anesthesia increased the expression of the mRNA of the microglial phagocytosis marker (CD68) ( n = 3 per group). D Prolonged anesthesia increased the expression of the microglial phagocytosis marker (CD68) at the protein level ( n = 3 per group). E Immunoblotting band of CD68, C1qa, PSD95, SYN1, SYP, and β-actin ( n = 3 per group). F Prolonged anesthesia increased the expression of C1qa. G–I Prolonged anesthesia decreased the expression of PSD95 ( G ), SYN1 ( H ), and SYP ( I ). J Prolonged anesthesia enhanced microglial phagocytosis. The iba1(green) positiv