Figure 1Figure 1
CSF granulocyte activation markers (GAM) in acute myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and symptomatic controls (SC) . Box plots showing CSF concentrations of neutrophil elastase (nEla; A ), myeloperoxidase (MPO; B ), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8; C ) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; D ) across patient groups. Data are presented on a double logarithmic scale ( y -axis; concentrations in pg/ml). Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test; significance thresholds are denoted as: ns (not significant), P > 0.05; * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001; **** P ≤ 0.0001.