Figure 2Figure 2
CSF levels of MMP-9, tissue damage markers and complement factors in acute myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and symptomatic controls (SC) . Box plots showing CSF concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; A ), neurofilament light chain (NfL; B ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; C ), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B; D ), complement factor C5 ( E ) and complement activation product C5a ( F ) across patient groups. Data are presented on a double logarithmic scale ( y -axis; concentrations in pg/ml, except for C5 in ng/ml). Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test; significance thresholds are denoted as: ns (not significant), P > 0.05; * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001; **** P ≤ 0.0001.