Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

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Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

<table class="infobox infobox-celltype">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Allen Atlas ID</td>
<td><a href="https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/rnaseq" target="_blank">CS202210140_3445</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lineage</td>
<td>Neuron > Glutamatergic > Hippocampal > Dentate granule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Markers</td>
<td>PROX1, SLC17A7, CALB1, DCX, NEUROD1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brain Regions</td>
<td>Dentate gyrus granule cell layer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Disease Vulnerability</td>
<td>[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease), [Epilepsy](/diseases/epilepsy), Temporal lobe epilepsy</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

Introduction

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

...

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

Introduction

Overview

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells are a specialized cell type classified within the Neuron > Glutamatergic > Hippocampal > Dentate granule lineage. These cells are primarily found in Dentate gyrus granule cell layer and are characterized by expression of marker genes including PROX1, SLC17A7, CALB1, DCX. They are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's Disease, Epilepsy, Temporal lobe epilepsy.

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

| Taxonomy | ID | Name / Label |
|----------|----|---------------|
| Cell Ontology (CL) | [CL:2000089](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_2000089) | dentate gyrus granule cell |

External Database Links

[Cell Ontology (CL:2000089)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_2000089)
[OBO Foundry (CL:2000089)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000089)
[Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
[CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
[Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)

Taxonomy & Classification

| Database | ID | Name | Confidence |
|----------|----|------|------------|
| Cell Ontology | [CL:2000089](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_2000089) | dentate gyrus granule cell | Exact |

External Database Links

[Cell Ontology (CL:2000089)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_2000089)
[OBO Foundry (CL:2000089)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000089)
[Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
[CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)

Morphology and Markers

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells are identified by the expression of the following key marker genes:

PROX1
SLC17A7
CALB1
DCX
NEUROD1

These markers are used for immunohistochemical identification and single-cell RNA sequencing classification, as catalogued in the [Allen Cell Type Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/rnaseq).

Normal Function

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells play essential roles in neural circuits and brain function. They are found in the following brain regions:

Dentate gyrus granule cell layer

Their normal functions include maintaining neural circuit integrity, signal processing, and contributing to the homeostasis of their local microenvironment.

Vulnerability in Disease

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells show selective vulnerability in the following neurodegenerative conditions:

[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
Epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy

The selective vulnerability of these cells is an active area of research, with factors including metabolic demands, calcium handling, exposure to toxic protein aggregates, and cell-autonomous gene expression programs contributing to their susceptibility.

Transcriptomic Profile

Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing studies have revealed the transcriptomic signature of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells. Key differentially expressed genes from the Allen Cell Type Atlas and related datasets include the marker genes listed above. These transcriptomic profiles help identify subtypes and disease-associated gene expression changes.

Key Publications

[Dentate granule cells in memory and disease](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-022-00581-5). Nat Rev Neurosci, 2022.

External Links

Allen Cell Type Atlas: [https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/rnaseq](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/rnaseq)
Allen Human Brain Atlas: [https://human.brain-map.org/](https://human.brain-map.org/)
[Cell Types Index](/cell-types)- [Diseases Index](/diseases)eases Index
[Mechanisms Index](/mechanisms) --

Background

The study of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

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