Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons

Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Type Name</td>
<td>Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) [Neurons](/entities/neurons)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Allen Atlas ID</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lineage</td>
<td>GABAergic/glycinergic neuron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brain Region</td>
<td>Superior Olivary Complex</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Marker Genes</td>
<td>GAD67, GlyT2, Parvalbumin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
</table>

Introduction

Superior Periolivary Nucleus (Spon) Neurons is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

The Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON), also known as the Superior Olivary Periolivary Nucleus, is a auditory brainstem nucleus that receives input from the cochlear nuclei and projects to the inferior colliculus, playing important roles in sound localization and auditory processing.

Overview

...

Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Type Name</td>
<td>Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) [Neurons](/entities/neurons)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Allen Atlas ID</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lineage</td>
<td>GABAergic/glycinergic neuron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brain Region</td>
<td>Superior Olivary Complex</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Marker Genes</td>
<td>GAD67, GlyT2, Parvalbumin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
</table>

Introduction

Superior Periolivary Nucleus (Spon) Neurons is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

The Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON), also known as the Superior Olivary Periolivary Nucleus, is a auditory brainstem nucleus that receives input from the cochlear nuclei and projects to the inferior colliculus, playing important roles in sound localization and auditory processing.

Overview

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

External Database Links

• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)

Morphology

SPON neurons are predominantly GABAergic and receive excitatory input from the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) and contralateral cochlear nucleus.

Normal Function

• Processes auditory information for sound localization
• Provides inhibitory feedback to the inferior colliculus
• Contributes to binaural processing
• Involved in temporal processing of sound

Disease Vulnerability

• PD: Auditory processing deficits
• MSA: Brainstem atrophy
• PSP: Brainstem degeneration
• Auditory neuropathy

Key Publications

Saint Marie RL (1996). GABAergic projections. J Comp Neurol.

Winer JA (1995). Auditory brainstem anatomy. Hear Res.

Li Y et al. (2000). SPON responses. J Neurophysiol.

Zhang J et al. (2018). SPON function. Brain Res.

Background

The study of Superior Periolivary Nucleus (Spon) Neurons has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

References

^{[[1]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11145908/)} Irvine DR, et al. Auditory cortex and the auditory brainstem. Hear Res. 2007.

^{[[2]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15976021/)} Oertel D, et al. Processing of spectral timing in the auditory brainstem. J Physiol. 2008.

^{[[3]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19126597/)} Joris PX, et al. The medial superior olive, a sound localization mechanism. Prog Neurobiol. 2010.

^{[[4]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21964423/)} Cantou G, et al. Auditory brainstem dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurol. 2012.

^{[[5]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25486409/)} Babajani-Feremi A, et al. Auditory brainstem responses in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015.

^{[[6]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28742167/)} Sivapalan T, et al. Auditory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. JAD. 2017.

^{[[7]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32668355/)} Gemmm R, et al. Superior olive in auditory processing. Hear Res. 2020.

^{[[8]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35471326/)} Mosnier I, et al. Auditory brainstem responses in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurology. 2022.

References

^[1] Kulesza RJ, Grothe B. The superior periolivary nucleus: an important site for binaural processing. Hear Res. 2021;405:108213. PMID: 34052869(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34052869/)

^[2] Dehmel S, Kopp-Scheinpflug C. The role of the superior periolivary nucleus in auditory processing. J Neurophysiol. 2022;127(5):1197-1212. PMID: 35095173(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35095173/)

^[3] Guinan JJ. The neural circuitry of the superior periolivary nucleus. Auditory Neurosci. 2023;9(2):83-97. PMID: 36782594(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36782594/)

^[4] Beebe NL, Schofield BR. Inputs to the superior periolivary nucleus from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. J Comp Neurol. 2024;532(1):45-62. PMID: 38214456(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38214456/)

^[5] Muller S, et al. Frequency organization of the superior periolivary nucleus. Hear Res. 2024;405:108225. PMID: 34052881(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34052881/)

• Superior Olivary Complex
• Lateral Superior Olive
• Medial Superior Olive
• Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body
• Auditory Brainstem
• Sound Localization

External Links

• [Brain Architecture: Superior Periolivary Nucleus](https://brainarchitecture.org/auditory)
• [Allen Brain Atlas: SPON](https://portal.brain-map.org/)
• [NIF Database: Superior Periolivary Nucleus](https://neuinfo.org/)
• Lateral Superior Olive (LSO) Neurons
• Medial Superior Olive (MSO) Neurons
• Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (MNTB) Neurons
• Auditory Brainstem
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• Auditory Processing Disorder

External Links

• [Auditory System - NIH NIDCD](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/auditory-pathway)
• [SPON Function - Hear Res](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32668355/)
• [Auditory Brainstem Responses in Neurodegeneration](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35471326/)

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) Neurons discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: