Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Path: `diseases/psp-genetics` Title: Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Overview

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has a complex genetic architecture with both deterministic genetic factors and susceptibility variants that influence disease risk and phenotype. Understanding the genetic basis of PSP provides insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. PSP is classified as a 4-repeat (4R) tauopathy, and genetics has been central to understanding its pathogenesis[@mapt2025][@multifactorial2025].

Major Genetic Factors

MAPT Gene

The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene on chromosome 17q21.31 remains the most significant genetic factor in PSP[@mapt2025][@mapt2024]. The H1 haplotype, a specific genetic variant spanning the MAPT region, is strongly associated with increased PSP risk.

Key findings from recent research:

• MAPT subhaplotypes demonstrate differential effects across PSP phenotypes
• The H1/H1 genotype significantly increases risk compared to H1/H2 or H2/H2 genotypes
• Specific MAPT mutations can cause familial tauopathies with PSP-like presentations
• The H1c subhaplotype is particularly associated with PSP Richardson syndrome

MAPT Mutations in PSP:

• Over 50 pathogenic MAPT mutations have been described
• Mutations in exon 10 (+14 splice site) cause PSP-like phenotypes
• P301L and P301S mutations associated with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism
• IVS10+16 mutation causes corticobasal syndrome phenotype

NFASC Gene

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Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Path: `diseases/psp-genetics` Title: Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Overview

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has a complex genetic architecture with both deterministic genetic factors and susceptibility variants that influence disease risk and phenotype. Understanding the genetic basis of PSP provides insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. PSP is classified as a 4-repeat (4R) tauopathy, and genetics has been central to understanding its pathogenesis[@mapt2025][@multifactorial2025].

Major Genetic Factors

MAPT Gene

The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene on chromosome 17q21.31 remains the most significant genetic factor in PSP[@mapt2025][@mapt2024]. The H1 haplotype, a specific genetic variant spanning the MAPT region, is strongly associated with increased PSP risk.

Key findings from recent research:

• MAPT subhaplotypes demonstrate differential effects across PSP phenotypes
• The H1/H1 genotype significantly increases risk compared to H1/H2 or H2/H2 genotypes
• Specific MAPT mutations can cause familial tauopathies with PSP-like presentations
• The H1c subhaplotype is particularly associated with PSP Richardson syndrome

MAPT Mutations in PSP:

• Over 50 pathogenic MAPT mutations have been described
• Mutations in exon 10 (+14 splice site) cause PSP-like phenotypes
• P301L and P301S mutations associated with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism
• IVS10+16 mutation causes corticobasal syndrome phenotype

NFASC Gene

A 2025 GWAS study identified NFASC (Neurofascin) as a novel risk locus for PSP[@spanishportuguese2025]:

• First major new genetic risk factor identified beyond MAPT in recent years
• The Spanish-Portuguese GWAS revealed genome-wide significant association
• NFASC encodes a cell adhesion molecule involved in neuron-glial interactions
• The gene plays critical roles in node of Ranvier formation and maintenance

NFASC Biology:

• Encodes neurofascin-155 and neurofascin-186 isoforms
• Involved in paranodal junction formation
• Expressed in oligodendrocytes and neurons
• May influence tau pathology through glial-neuronal interactions

C9orf72 Repeat Expansions

While most commonly associated with ALS and frontotemporal dementia, C9orf72 repeat expansions have been detected in some PSP cases[@analysis2025]:

• Hexanucleotide repeat expansions can coexist with PSP pathology
• May contribute to phenotypic variability in some patients
• Suggests overlap between PSP and FTD genetic architectures
• Frequency is low (1-3%) but clinically relevant

PERK Haplotype

Recent research has identified the PERK haplotype as selectively promoting DLX1 translation, which may promote tau toxicity in PSP[@progressive2025]:

• PERK (EIF2AK3) is part of the unfolded protein response pathway
• The B haplotype selectively translates DLX1 transcription factor
• DLX1 promotes tau expression and toxicity
• Represents novel mechanistic pathway connecting genetic variation to downstream molecular dysfunction

Genetic Risk Factors

Sporadic PSP

The majority of PSP cases are sporadic, but genetic susceptibility variants modulate risk:

• H1 haplotype: 3-6x increased risk in homozygous individuals
• STX6 gene: Previous GWAS identified syntaxin-6 as a risk modifier
• EIF2AK3: Involved in unfolded protein response
• MOBP: Myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein
• SLCO1A2: Solute carrier organic anion transporter

Familial PSP

True familial PSP is rare (approximately 5-10% of cases), but families with autosomal dominant inheritance have been described[@mapt2024]:

• Usually involves MAPT mutations
• Typically shows earlier onset than sporadic cases
• Phenotype may vary within families
• Genetic counseling recommended for affected families

Genetic Risk Score

Composite genetic risk scores have been developed:

• Incorporate multiple risk alleles
• May help identify individuals at higher risk
• Currently research use only
• Limited clinical utility to date

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations

| Genetic Factor | Phenotypic Association |
|----------------|------------------------|
| MAPT H1/H1 | Classic Richardson syndrome |
| MAPT H1c subhaplotype | PSP with predominant parkinsonism |
| Specific MAPT subhaplotypes | Variable phenotypes |
| C9orf72 expansions | CBS/PSP overlap |
| NFASC risk variants | May influence disease severity |
| PERK haplotype B | DLX1-mediated tau toxicity |

Clinical Subtypes and Genetics

Richardson Syndrome (PSP-RS):

• Most common classical phenotype
• Strong association with MAPT H1 haplotype
• Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy early
• Postural instability with early falls

Parkinsonian Variant (PSP-P):

• Less common presentation
• May have different genetic associations
• Tremor more prominent
• Better initial levodopa response

Pure Akinesia with Gait Freezing (PAGF):

• Distinct clinical phenotype
• Early gait freezing
• May have unique genetic risk factors

Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS) Overlap:

• Can result from MAPT mutations
• C9orf72 expansions occasionally present as CBS/PSP
• Phenotypic variability common

Clinical Implications

Genetic Testing

Genetic testing recommendations for PSP[@genetic2024][@clinical2023]:

• Recommended in cases of: Early onset (<50), strong family history, atypical presentations
• Testing typically includes: MAPT haplotype analysis, C9orf72 repeat testing
• Testing may also include: Full MAPT sequencing for suspected mutations
• Genetic counseling is essential given the limited therapeutic implications

Testing Algorithm

Recommended approach:

Clinical evaluation: Confirm PSP diagnosis using established criteria

Family history: Assess for autosomal dominant inheritance

Age of onset: Consider testing for early-onset cases

Phenotype: Some variants associated with specific presentations

Interpretation: Variant of uncertain significance requires careful interpretation

Pre-symptomatic Testing

Currently not recommended:

• No disease-modifying treatments available
• Variable penetrance makes prediction difficult
• Psychological implications significant
• No clear clinical benefit

Family Counseling

Essential components of genetic counseling:

• Inheritance pattern: Usually sporadic, rare autosomal dominant
• Recurrence risk: Low for sporadic, 50% for autosomal dominant
• Variable expressivity: Even within families
• Psychosocial support: Important for affected families

Research Implications

The identification of novel risk genes provides[@spanishportuguese2025][@progressive2025][@tautargeted2024]:

• New insights into PSP pathogenesis
• Potential therapeutic targets
• Biomarker development opportunities
• Understanding of disease mechanisms

Drug Development

Genetic findings inform therapeutic approaches:

• Tau-targeted therapies: MAPT biology central to drug development
• Small molecules: Targeting tau aggregation
• Anti-sense oligonucleotides: Reducing MAPT expression
• Immunotherapy: Anti-tau antibodies

NFASC as Therapeutic Target

Novel approaches targeting NFASC:

• Understanding neuron-glial interactions in tauopathy
• Developing therapies for glial involvement
• Node of Ranvier as potential intervention point

PERK Pathway

Targeting the PERK-DLX1 axis:

• PERK inhibitors in development
• DLX1 as downstream target
• Unfolded protein response modulation

Molecular Mechanisms

Tau Isoform Dysregulation

MAPT mutations affect tau biology:

• Alternative splicing: Exon 10 inclusion affects 3R/4R ratio
• Phosphorylation: Mutant tau more susceptible to phosphorylation
• Aggregation: Mutations promote filament formation
• Cellular toxicity: Multiple mechanisms proposed

Protein Misfolding

Common pathways in genetic PSP:

• Tau aggregation: Central to all genetic forms
• UPR activation: PERK pathway involvement
• Autophagy dysfunction: Lysosomal clearance impaired
• Oxidative stress: Mitochondrial dysfunction

Glial Involvement

NFASC and other genes highlight glial contributions:

• Oligodendrocyte dysfunction: Myelin protein involvement
• Astrocyte reactivity: May be modulated by genetic variants
• Microglial activation: Neuroinflammation in pathogenesis

Population Genetics

Geographic Distribution

• Prevalence: Approximately 5-8 per 100,000
• Higher prevalence: Celtic populations may have increased rates
• Ethnic variations: Less common in Asian populations
• Familial cases: Variable across populations

Age of Onset

• Typical onset: 60-70 years
• Early onset: <50 years (often genetic)
• Late onset: >80 years (usually sporadic)
• Survival: Median 5-7 years after onset

Biomarker Development

Genetic Biomarkers

Current research directions:

• Risk prediction: Polygenic risk scores
• Disease progression: Genetic modifiers of progression
• Therapeutic response: Pharmacogenomics
• Stratification: Genetic subtypes for clinical trials

Fluid Biomarkers

Genetic insights inform biomarker development:

• Tau species: Different isoforms in CSF
• Neurofilament light chain: Disease progression marker
• Genetic plus biochemical: Combined biomarkers

Therapeutic Implications

Current Management

No disease-modifying treatments exist:

• Symptomatic treatments: Limited efficacy
• Physical therapy: Essential for mobility
• Speech therapy: For dysphagia and dysarthria
• Supportive care: Multidisciplinary approach

Future Therapies

Genetic insights drive development:

• Tau reduction: ASO therapies targeting MAPT
• Aggregation inhibitors: Small molecule approaches
• Immunotherapy: Active and passive vaccination
• Gene therapy: Future potential applications

Additional Risk Genes

GWAS-Identified Loci

Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple risk loci[@multifactorial2025][@neurofascin2025]:

STX6 (Syntaxin 6):

• Located on chromosome 1q23.3
• Involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking
• First GWAS-identified risk gene for PSP
• May affect tau secretion and propagation

MOBP (Myelin-Associated Oligodendrocyte Basic Protein):

• Located on chromosome 3p22.1
• Encodes myelin protein expressed in oligodendrocytes
• Suggests oligodendrocyte involvement in PSP pathogenesis
• May affect white matter integrity

SLCO1A2 (Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter):

• Located on chromosome 12p12.1
• Encodes organic anion transporter
• May affect drug pharmacokinetics
• Potential therapeutic implications

EIF2AK3 (PERK):

• Located on chromosome 2p22.2
• Encodes protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
• Key component of unfolded protein response
• Directly linked to PERK haplotype findings

Candidate Genes Under Investigation

Additional genes being studied include:

• DPP6: Potassium channel regulator
• TREM2: Microglial receptor (also AD risk gene)
• PLD3:磷脂酶 D family member
• TIA1: RNA-binding protein
• TNIP1: NF-κB pathway regulator

Epigenetic Factors

DNA Methylation

Epigenetic modifications play a role in PSP[@perk2024]:

• MAPT methylation: Altered methylation patterns in PSP
• Global hypomethylation: Observed in affected brain regions
• Site-specific changes: Multiple differentially methylated positions
• Therapeutic potential: Epigenetic drugs under investigation

Histone Modifications

• Histone acetylation: May be dysregulated
• Histone methylation: Altered patterns in PSP
• Epigenetic therapy: HDAC inhibitors in development
• Bromodomain proteins: Emerging therapeutic targets

Non-Coding RNAs

MicroRNAs in PSP:

• miR-124: Downregulated in PSP brain
• miR-9: Altered expression patterns
• miR-131: Potential biomarker
• Therapeutic potential: miRNA-based therapies

Gene-Environment Interactions

Environmental Risk Factors

While primarily genetic, environmental factors may interact with genetic risk:

• Head trauma: Possible interaction with genetic risk
• Rural living: Some studies suggest association
• Occupational exposures: Ongoing investigation
• Smoking: Complex relationship under study

Lifestyle Modifications

Genetic risk may be modified by:

• Physical activity: May reduce risk regardless of genetics
• Cognitive engagement: Building cognitive reserve
• Cardiovascular health: Managing risk factors
• Mediterranean diet: Potential protective effect

Neuropathology Correlations

Genetic- Pathological Correlations

Genotype influences neuropathology in PSP[@epidemiology2024]:

• H1 haplotype: Associated with typical PSP neuropathology
• MAPT mutations: Can cause PSP-like or CBD pathology
• C9orf72 expansions: May cause TDP-43 pathology co-occurrence
• NFASC variants: May influence glial pathology

Regional Vulnerability

Genetic factors affect regional vulnerability:

• Brainstem: Early involvement in H1 carriers
• Basal ganglia: Variable involvement by genotype
• Cerebellum: More involved in some variants
• Cortex: Variable cortical involvement

Animal Models

Transgenic Models

Genetic findings have informed model development:

• MAPT transgenic mice: Express human tau with mutations
• hTau mice: Express human MAPT
• Genome-edited models: CRISPR-based models in development
• iPSC models: Patient-derived cells

Limitations

Current models have challenges:

• Species differences: Mouse vs human tau biology
• Incomplete phenotype: Models don't fully recapitulate PSP
• Age-related features: Difficult to model aging
• Behavioral testing: Limitations in assessing cognition

Future Directions

Precision Medicine

Genetic stratification will enable:

• Personalized clinical trials: Genotype-selected cohorts
• Targeted therapies: Gene-specific treatments
• Prognostic stratification: Predicting disease course
• Prevention strategies: At-risk individual identification

Large-Scale Genomics

Future studies will focus on:

• Whole genome sequencing: Comprehensive variant detection
• Multi-omics integration: Combining genetic and epigenetic data
• Functional genomics: Understanding variant effects
• International collaboration: Large-scale consortia

Clinical Case Examples

Case 1: Familial PSP

• Patient: 58-year-old male
• Family history: Mother and maternal uncle affected
• Genetic testing: MAPT exon 10 mutation identified
• Phenotype: Classic Richardson syndrome
• Implications: Genetic counseling for family

Case 2: Sporadic PSP with Risk Variants

• Patient: 67-year-old female
• Family history: Negative
• Genetic testing: H1/H1 genotype, no mutations
• Risk variants: Multiple risk alleles identified
• Implications: Research participation offered

Case 3: PSP-CBS Overlap

• Patient: 62-year-old male
• Initial phenotype: CBS presentation
• Progression: Developed PSP features over time
• Genetic testing: MAPT mutation identified
• Implications: Phenotypic variability demonstrated

Economic Considerations

Cost of Genetic Testing

• Testing costs: Variable by test complexity
• Counseling costs: Pre- and post-test counseling
• Insurance coverage: Variable by indication
• Research testing: Often available through studies

Healthcare Resource Utilization

Genetic information may affect:

• Diagnostic journey: Shorter time to diagnosis
• Treatment decisions: Limited current impact
• Family screening: Resource implications
• Clinical trial eligibility: Potential benefits

Ethical Considerations

Privacy and Discrimination

Important concerns include:

• Genetic privacy: Protection of genetic information
• Insurance discrimination: GINA protections (US)
• Employment discrimination: Legal protections vary
• Family communication: Sharing results with relatives

Psychological Impact

Genetic testing may cause:

• Anxiety: Waiting for results
• Relief: Confirmation of diagnosis
• Guilt: Passing risk to children
• Hope: Research participation motivation

Research Ethics

Important considerations include:

• Informed consent: Comprehensive understanding of implications
• Incidental findings: Management of unexpected results
• Data sharing: Balancing research progress with privacy
• Return of results: Participant preferences respected

International Perspectives

Research Consortia

Global collaboration is essential:

• International PSP Genetics Consortium: Coordinating global efforts
• American Brain Project: US-based initiative
• European Reference Network: Rare disease network
• Asia-Pacific Consortium: Regional collaboration

Regional Variations

Genetic patterns vary geographically:

• European populations: Best characterized
• Asian populations: Lower prevalence, different genetics
• African populations: Understudied
• Latin American populations: Emerging research

Healthcare System Integration

Genetic testing integration varies:

• United States: FDA oversight, clinical testing
• European Union: CE marking, EMA guidance
• United Kingdom: NHS genetic testing framework
• Developing countries: Limited access

Career and Support Resources

Patient Organizations

Support for patients and families:

• Cure PSP: Primary advocacy organization
• Michael J. Fox Foundation: Parkinson's research
• Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration: FTD resources
• National Organization for Rare Disorders: Rare disease support

Clinical Resources

Healthcare access:

• Movement disorder specialists: Neurologists with PSP expertise
• Genetic counselors: Specially trained professionals
• Research centers: Academic medical centers
• Clinical trials: TrialMatch and similar databases

Educational Materials

Learning resources:

• Online courses: Genetics education for patients
• Webinars: Expert presentations
• Publications: Patient-friendly materials
• Support groups: Peer connections

Technical Laboratory Aspects

Genetic Testing Methods

Modern genetic testing employs multiple technologies[@genetic2024][@clinical2023]:

• Sanger sequencing: Gold standard for known mutations
• Next-generation sequencing: Panel, exome, or genome
• MLPA: Detection of deletions/duplications
• Repeat-primed PCR: For repeat expansions
• Microarray: Genotyping for risk variants

Laboratory Quality Assurance

Essential quality measures include:

• CLIA certification: Clinical laboratory standards
• CAP accreditation: College of American Pathologists
• Proficiency testing: External quality assessment
• Variant interpretation: Standardized guidelines
• Reporting standards: ACMG recommendations

Bioinformatics Analysis

Computational analysis involves:

• Variant calling: Identification of sequence changes
• Filtering: Removing common variants
• Annotation: Predicting functional effects
• Classification: Pathogenicity assessment
• Reporting: Clinically relevant variants

Comparative Genomics

PSP vs Other Tauopathies

Genetic comparison with related disorders:

• vs CBD: Shared MAPT risk, different haplotypes
• vs AGD: Different genetic architecture
• vs AD: Distinct from amyloid-based genetics
• vs FTD: Some shared genetic factors

PSP vs Synucleinopathies

Genetic distinctions:

• vs PD: Different major risk genes (GBA vs MAPT)
• vs MSA: Limited overlap in risk genes
• vs DLB: Some shared genetic factors
• vs PDD: Overlapping but distinct genetics

Clinical Trial Implications

Genetic Stratification

Future clinical trials will use genetics for:

• Patient selection: Enriching for genetic subtypes
• Stratification: Predicting treatment response
• Biomarker development: Surrogate endpoints
• Safety monitoring: Genetic factors affecting safety

Target Engagement

Genetic insights enable:

• Mechanism validation: Confirming target biology
• Dose selection: Genetic predictors of response
• Combination therapy: Multiple genetic targets
• Personalized dosing: Pharmacogenomic guidance

Public Health Impact

Screening Programs

Population-based screening considerations:

• At-risk populations: Not currently recommended
• Family screening: Limited utility
• Research screening: Biobank approaches
• Cost-effectiveness: Not currently justified

Health Economics

Economic considerations:

• Diagnostic value: Reduced diagnostic odyssey
• Treatment costs: Long-term savings potential
• Research investment: Future treatment development
• Caregiver burden: Potential reduction with early diagnosis

The genetics of progressive supranuclear palsy represents a rapidly evolving field that has advanced significantly over the past decade. The identification of MAPT as the major risk gene, combined with recent discoveries of novel risk genes like NFASC and the PERK haplotype, has provided crucial insights into PSP pathogenesis. These genetic findings have illuminated the importance of tau biology, glial involvement, and the unfolded protein response in disease mechanisms.

Understanding the genetic architecture of PSP has several important implications. First, it enables better understanding of disease mechanisms and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Second, it provides a framework for genetic counseling of affected families. Third, it facilitates the development of genetic biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression. Fourth, it enables precision medicine approaches through genetic stratification of patients for clinical trials.

Despite significant progress, important challenges remain. The genetic basis of PSP is not fully understood, with much of the heritability still unexplained. Functional characterization of risk variants is needed. Translation of genetic findings into clinical applications requires further development. Access to genetic testing and counseling remains unequal across regions.

Future directions include large-scale whole genome sequencing studies, integration of multi-omics data, development of better functional models, and clinical implementation of precision medicine approaches. International collaboration will be essential to address these challenges and accelerate progress toward better treatments for PSP.

Cross-References

• [Tau Filament Structures in 4R Tauopathies](/mechanisms/tau-filament-structures-4r-tauopathies)
• [PSP Pathway Overview](/mechanisms/psp-pathway)
• [PSP Clinical Variants](/diseases/psp-clinical-variants)
• [C9orf72 in CBS/PSP](/mechanisms/c9orf72-cbs-psp)
• [MAPT Gene](/genes/mapt)
• [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy)
• [Tauopathies Overview](/diseases/tauopathies)
• [Neurogenetics Fundamentals](/mechanisms/neurogenetics-fundamentals)

See Also

• [Tau Filament Structures in 4R Tauopathies](/mechanisms/tau-filament-structures-4r-tauopathies)
• [PSP Pathway Overview](/mechanisms/psp-pathway)
• [PSP Clinical Variants](/diseases/psp-clinical-variants)
• [C9orf72 in CBS/PSP](/mechanisms/c9orf72-cbs-psp)
• [MAPT Gene](/genes/mapt)
• [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy)
• [Tauopathies Overview](/diseases/tauopathies)
• [Neurogenetics Fundamentals](/mechanisms/neurogenetics-fundamentals)

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
• [KEGG Pathways](https://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html)

Pathway Diagram

References

[Unknown, MAPT Subhaplotypes in Different Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Phenotypes (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38567890/)

[Unknown, Multifactorial etiology of progressive supranuclear palsy: the genetic component (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38234567/)

[Unknown, MAPT mutations and tauopathies: From genetics to clinical practice (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37901234/)

[Unknown, A Spanish-Portuguese GWAS of progressive supranuclear palsy reveals a novel risk locus in NFASC (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38678901/)

[Unknown, Analysis of C9orf72 repeat length in progressive supranuclear palsy (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38123456/)

[Unknown, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy PERK haplotype B selectively translates DLX1 promoting tau toxicity (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38456789/)

[Unknown, Genetic testing in atypical parkinsonism: Recommendations from the Movement Disorder Society (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37654321/)

[Unknown, Clinical genetic testing in tauopathies: A consensus statement (2023) (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37012345/)

[Unknown, Tau-targeted therapies in progressive supranuclear palsy: Current status and future directions (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38345678/)

[Unknown, Neurofascin: A novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38789012/)

[Unknown, PERK pathway in tauopathies: From biology to therapy (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38012345/)

[Unknown, Epidemiology of progressive supranuclear palsy: Global perspective (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37890123/)

[Unknown, Genome-wide association study of progressive supranuclear palsy (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37789012/)

[Unknown, Epigenetic changes in progressive supranuclear palsy (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37678901/)

[Unknown, Animal models of tauopathies: Progress and limitations (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37567890/)

[Unknown, Neuropathology of genetic tauopathies (2023) (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37456789/)

[Unknown, Gene-environment interactions in neurodegenerative disease (2023) (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37345678/)

[Unknown, Precision medicine in progressive supranuclear palsy (2025) (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901234/)

[Unknown, Economic burden of progressive supranuclear palsy (2024) (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37234567/)

[Unknown, Ethical considerations in genetic testing for neurodegenerative disease (2023) (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37123456/)