Interleukin 17D (IL-17D) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family, which plays critical roles in immune signaling and inflammation[@kuestner2009]. While IL-17D is less studied than other family members like IL-17A, emerging research suggests it may have important functions in neuroinflammatory processes relevant to neurodegenerative diseases[@moynes2009].
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
| Property | Value | |----------|-------| | Gene Symbol | IL17D | | Full Name | Interleukin 17D | | Chromosomal Location | 13q12.11 | | NCBI Gene ID | 53342 | | OMIM ID | 606635 | | Ensembl ID | ENSG00000155659 | | UniProt ID | Q8TDA2 | | Encoded Protein | Interleukin-17D | | Associated Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis |
</div>
Function
IL17D encodes interleukin-17D, a secreted cytokine of approximately 225 amino acids. Like other IL-17 family members, IL-17D signals through heterodimeric receptors (IL-17RA/IL-17RB) and activates downstream signaling pathways including [NF-κB](/entities/nf-kb) and MAPKs[@chang2015].
The biological functions of IL-17D include:
Immune cell recruitment: IL-17D promotes the recruitment of inflammatory cells to tissues
Cytokine production: Induces expression of other inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines
Epithelial defense: Plays a role in mucosal defense and tissue homeostasis
Angiogenesis: Has been shown to promote angiogenesis in certain contexts[@saddoughi2008]
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IL17D (Interleukin 17D)
Overview
Interleukin 17D (IL-17D) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family, which plays critical roles in immune signaling and inflammation[@kuestner2009]. While IL-17D is less studied than other family members like IL-17A, emerging research suggests it may have important functions in neuroinflammatory processes relevant to neurodegenerative diseases[@moynes2009].
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
| Property | Value | |----------|-------| | Gene Symbol | IL17D | | Full Name | Interleukin 17D | | Chromosomal Location | 13q12.11 | | NCBI Gene ID | 53342 | | OMIM ID | 606635 | | Ensembl ID | ENSG00000155659 | | UniProt ID | Q8TDA2 | | Encoded Protein | Interleukin-17D | | Associated Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis |
</div>
Function
IL17D encodes interleukin-17D, a secreted cytokine of approximately 225 amino acids. Like other IL-17 family members, IL-17D signals through heterodimeric receptors (IL-17RA/IL-17RB) and activates downstream signaling pathways including [NF-κB](/entities/nf-kb) and MAPKs[@chang2015].
The biological functions of IL-17D include:
Immune cell recruitment: IL-17D promotes the recruitment of inflammatory cells to tissues
Cytokine production: Induces expression of other inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines
Epithelial defense: Plays a role in mucosal defense and tissue homeostasis
Angiogenesis: Has been shown to promote angiogenesis in certain contexts[@saddoughi2008]
Role in Neuroinflammation
While direct studies of IL-17D in the central nervous system are limited, the IL-17 family as a whole has been strongly implicated in neuroinflammation[@miossec2012]:
Alzheimer's Disease
IL-17 family cytokines are elevated in AD patient brains and cerebrospinal fluid
IL-17A has been shown to promote amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity
The IL-17/IL-23 axis may contribute to chronic neuroinflammation in AD
IL-17D's role, while less characterized, may involve modulation of microglial activation[@chen2013]
Parkinson's Disease
Elevated IL-17 levels have been reported in PD patients
IL-17 can synergize with other cytokines to enhance dopaminergic neuron loss
The IL-17 pathway represents a potential therapeutic target in PD[@liu2020]
Multiple Sclerosis
IL-17 family cytokines are central to MS pathophysiology
IL-17A and IL-17F are targets of approved MS therapies (secukinumab)
IL-17D may have immunomodulatory roles in autoimmune demyelination[@kasperskazajac2011]
Signaling Pathways
IL-17D signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex:
IL-17RA: Common receptor subunit shared with other IL-17 cytokines
IL-17RB: Binding subunit specific for IL-17D and IL-17B
Downstream signaling involves:
NF-κB activation: Leads to inflammatory gene expression