NFKB1 Gene

NFKB1 Gene

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">NFKB1 Gene</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Symbol</strong></td>
<td>NFKB1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Full Name</strong></td>
<td>Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Chromosomal Location</strong></td>
<td>4q24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>NCBI Gene ID</strong></td>
<td>4790</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Ensembl ID</strong></td>
<td>ENSG00000109320</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>OMIM ID</strong></td>
<td>164011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td>
<td>P19838</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Strategy</td>
<td>Drug/Approach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>IKK inhibitors</strong></td>
<td>Various compounds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Proteasome inhibitors</strong></td>
<td>Bortezomib</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Natural compounds</strong></td>
<td>Curcumin, resveratrol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Gene therapy</strong></td>
<td>IκB expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer's-disease" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer'

NFKB1 Gene

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">NFKB1 Gene</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Symbol</strong></td>
<td>NFKB1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Full Name</strong></td>
<td>Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Chromosomal Location</strong></td>
<td>4q24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>NCBI Gene ID</strong></td>
<td>4790</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Ensembl ID</strong></td>
<td>ENSG00000109320</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>OMIM ID</strong></td>
<td>164011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td>
<td>P19838</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Strategy</td>
<td>Drug/Approach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>IKK inhibitors</strong></td>
<td>Various compounds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Proteasome inhibitors</strong></td>
<td>Bortezomib</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Natural compounds</strong></td>
<td>Curcumin, resveratrol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label"><strong>Gene therapy</strong></td>
<td>IκB expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer's-disease" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer's Disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/cancer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Cancer</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">217 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Pathway Diagram

Overview

The NFKB1 gene (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1) encodes the p105/p50 protein, a critical transcription factor in the [NF-κB](/entities/nf-kb) signaling pathway. NF-κB regulates genes involved in inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and synaptic plasticity. Chronic NF-κB activation is a key feature of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Gene Information

Protein Encoding

The NFKB1 gene encodes p105, a precursor protein that is processed to form the active p50 subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor. p105 is 968 amino acids; p50 is 433 amino acids.

Normal Function

NF-κB is a master regulator of inflammatory and immune responses:

• Inflammatory Gene Expression: Activates cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules
• Cell Survival: Promotes expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL)
• Synaptic Plasticity: Required for [LTP](/mechanisms/long-term-potentiation) and memory formation
• Immune Response: Central to innate and adaptive immunity
• Stress Response: Activated by cytokines, pathogens, stress

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

• Chronic Neuroinflammation: NF-κB activated in [astrocytes](/entities/astrocytes) and [microglia](/entities/microglia)
• Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production: IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 upregulation
• Amyloid-β Interaction: [Aβ](/proteins/amyloid-beta) activates NF-κB pathway
• Therapeutic Target: NF-κB inhibitors investigated

Parkinson's Disease

• Activated in substantia nigra [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation)
• Contributes to dopaminergic neuron loss
• Links to [α-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein)-induced inflammation

ALS

• NF-κB activation in motor [neurons](/entities/neurons) and microglia
• Contributes to neuroinflammation

Multiple Sclerosis

• Central role in demyelination and inflammation

Stroke

• Dual role: Early activation is protective; late activation is damaging

Therapeutic Targeting

Key Publications

[@shih2022]: Hayden MS, et al. (2006). NF-κB and the immune response. Nature 444(7121):861-867.

[@mattson2021]: Kaltschmidt B, et al. (2005). NF-κB in synaptic plasticity. Brain Res Rev 48(2):285-289.

[@kaltschmidt2020]: Chen CH, et al. (2012). NF-κB in AD and PD. Neurobiol Aging 33(5):921-932.

[@ghosh2019]: Ghosh S, et al. (2012). NF-κB in neuroinflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4(8):a011189.

[@frakes2018]: Mattson MP, et al. (2000). NF-κB in neuronal survival. Neuromolecular Med 1(1):1-12.

[@shih2015]: Shih RH, et al. (2015). NF-κB in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 12:131.

See Also

• [Neuroinflammation Pathway](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [ALS Gene](/diseases/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis)
• [TNF Gene](/proteins/tnf-protein)
• [IL6 Gene](/proteins/il6-protein)

External Links

• [NCBI Gene: NFKB1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4790)
• [UniProt: p105/p50](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P19838)
• [GeneCards: NFKB1](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NFKB1)

Brain Atlas Resources

• [Allen Human Brain Atlas*: [NFKB1 expression](https://human.brain-map.org/mic](/datasets/allen-human-brain-atlas)roarray/search/show?search_term=NFKB1)
• Allen Cell Type Atlas: [NFKB1 cell type expression](https://celltypes.brain-map.org/)
• BrainSpan: [NFKB1 developmental expression](https://brainspan.org/)

References

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving NFKB1 Gene discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: