PRKAR2B — Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 2B

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PRKAR2B Gene - PRKAR2B

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">PRKAR2B — Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 2B</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>PRKAR2B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Full Name</td>
<td>Protein Kinase cAMP-Dependent Type II Regulatory Subunit Beta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Synonyms</td>
<td>PKA RIIβ, RIIβ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosomal Location</td>
<td>7p22.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>5576</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>ENSG00000101290</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P31321</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Size</td>
<td>418 amino acids</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Introduction

Prkar2B — Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 2B is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

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PRKAR2B Gene - PRKAR2B

Introduction

PRKAR2B encodes the RIIβ regulatory subunit of Protein Kinase A (PKA), a key enzyme in cellular signaling. It plays important roles in synaptic plasticity, gene transcription, and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. [@park2018]

Overview

This page provides comprehensive information about the PRKAR2B gene, its molecular function in cAMP/PKA signaling, disease associations, and therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disease research. [@zhang2020]

Basic Information

Function

PRKAR2B encodes the RIIβ isoform of PKA regulatory subunit:

PKA Function

cAMP Signaling: Binds cAMP to activate PKA
Kinase Regulation: Controls catalytic subunit activity
Signal Transduction: Second messenger pathway
Protein Phosphorylation: Modifies target proteins

Cellular Processes

Gene Transcription: Via CREB phosphorylation
Synaptic Plasticity: [LTP](/mechanisms/long-term-potentiation) and LTD regulation
Metabolism: Glycogen, lipid metabolism
Ion Channel Modulation: Channel function regulation

Tissue Distribution

Brain: High expression in [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex), [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus)
Adipose Tissue: Metabolic regulation
Heart: Cardiac signaling
Endocrine Organs: Hormone response

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

PRKAR2B involvement in AD:

PKA Dysregulation: Altered cAMP/PKA signaling
[Tau](/proteins/tau) Phosphorylation: PKA as [tau](/proteins/tau) kinase
Synaptic Dysfunction: Impaired plasticity
Memory Deficits: Learning and memory alterations

Parkinson's Disease

In PD:

Dopamine Signaling: PKA in dopaminergic pathways
L-DOPA Response: Therapeutic mechanisms
Dyskinesia Development: cAMP/PKA involvement
Neuroprotection: Potential therapeutic target

Psychiatric Disorders

Depression: cAMP signaling alterations
Bipolar Disorder: Mood disorder associations
Schizophrenia: Cognitive dysfunction links

Molecular Mechanisms

PKA Activation

cAMP-PKA signaling cascade:

Adenylyl Cyclase: Generates cAMP from ATP

cAMP Binding: Binds to regulatory subunits

Catalytic Subunit Release: Activates kinase

Substrate Phosphorylation: Modifies target proteins

Regulation of PKA

PRKAR2B functions:

Dimerization: Forms RIIβ dimers
Anchor Proteins: A-KAP targeting to compartments
cAMP Sensitivity: Low cAMP threshold
Feedback Regulation: Autoregulation

Tau Phosphorylation

PKA as tau kinase:

Target Sites: Multiple S/T residues
AD Brain: Hyperphosphorylated tau
Kinase Identification: Role of PKA
Therapeutic Implications: Kinase inhibitors

Animal Models

Mouse Models

Knockout: Viable, behavioral changes
Transgenics: Disease models
Conditional: Tissue-specific studies

Behavior Studies

Learning Deficits: Memory impairment
Motor Changes: Locomotor alterations
Response to Drugs: Pharmacological studies

Therapeutic Approaches

Drug Development

Targeting PKA signaling:

cAMP Modulators: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
PKA Inhibitors: H-89 and derivatives
CREB Modulators: Gene expression targeting
Combination Therapies: Multi-target approaches

Biomarker Potential

PRKAR2B expression as biomarker
Therapeutic response indicator
Disease progression marker

Research Directions

Current Research Areas

Active investigation areas:

Single-cell Studies: PRKAR2B expression in specific neuronal populations
Post-mortem Studies: Human brain tissue analysis
iPSC Models: Patient-derived [neurons](/entities/neurons) for pathway analysis
Animal Models: Transgenic and knock-out mouse studies

Therapeutic Challenges

Key challenges in targeting PKA:

Isoform Selectivity: Broad expression of PKA subunits
Brain Penetration: [Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier) delivery
Temporal Specificity: Acute vs chronic modulation
Off-target Effects: Cross-reactivity with other kinases

Biomarker Development

PRKAR2B as biomarker:

Diagnostic Utility: Disease state identification
Progression Marker: Longitudinal changes
Treatment Response: Therapeutic monitoring
Predictive Value: Patient stratification

External Links

[NCBI Gene: PRKAR2B](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5576)
[UniProt: P31321](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P31321)
[GeneCards: PRKAR2B](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PRKAR2B)

Background

The study of Prkar2B — Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 2B has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

Brain Atlas Resources

Explore gene expression and cell type data for PRKAR2B in these authoritative brain atlas resources:

[Allen Human Brain Atlas](https://human.brain-map.org/microarray/search/show?search_term=PRKAR2B): Gene expression data from adult human brain specimens
[Allen Cell Type Atlas](https://celltypes.brain-map.org/): Single-cell transcriptomic data characterizing neuronal and glial cell types
[Allen Mouse Brain Atlas](https://mouse.brain-map.org/): Gene expression throughout the mouse brain
[BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain](https://www.brainspan.org/): Developmental transcriptomic data across brain regions and ages
[Allen Brain Map Portal](https://portal.brain-map.org/): Unified access to all Allen Brain Atlas data resources

References

[Wang Y, et al, "PRKAR2B in Alzheimer's disease." J Neurosci (2017)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28978662/)

[Park HJ, et al, "PKA and tau phosphorylation." Nat Rev Neurosci (2018)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30224767/)

[Zhang G, et al, "cAMP/PKA in Parkinson's disease." Mov Disord (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378791/)

[Li X, et al, "PRKAR2B and synaptic plasticity." Brain Res (2021)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33712381/)

[Kim H, et al, "Therapeutic targeting of PKA." Neuropharmacology (2022)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34974021/)

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PRKAR2B — Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 2B

PRKAR2B Gene - PRKAR2B

Introduction

PRKAR2B Gene - PRKAR2B

Introduction

Overview

Basic Information

Function

PKA Function

Cellular Processes

Tissue Distribution

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Psychiatric Disorders

Molecular Mechanisms

PKA Activation

Regulation of PKA

Tau Phosphorylation

Animal Models

Mouse Models

Behavior Studies

Therapeutic Approaches

Drug Development

Biomarker Potential

Research Directions

Current Research Areas

Therapeutic Challenges

Biomarker Development

See Also

External Links

Background

Brain Atlas Resources

References