PROKR2 Gene - Prokineticin Receptor 2
Introduction
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<h3>PROKR2</h3>
<table>
<tr><th>Full Name</th><td>Prokineticin Receptor 2</td></tr>
<tr><th>Chromosomal Location</th><td>20p12.3</td></tr>
<tr><th>NCBI Gene ID</th><td>[128674](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/128674)</td></tr>
<tr><th>OMIM</th><td>[607123](https://www.omim.org/entry/607123)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Ensembl ID</th><td>ENSG00000101292</td></tr>
<tr><th>UniProt</th><td>[Q8NFJ6](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8NFJ6)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Associated Diseases</th><td>Parkinson's Disease, Kallmann Syndrome</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
Overview
PROKR2 (Prokineticin Receptor 2), also known as GPR73b, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds prokineticin peptides (PK1/EG-VEGF and PK2). It plays important roles in neurodevelopment, circadian rhythm, and has been implicated in Parkinson's disease[@cheng2012].
Function
The PROKR2 gene encodes a 384-amino acid G protein-coupled receptor:
- Ligand binding: Binds prokineticin-1 (PK1) and prokineticin-2 (PK2) with high affinity
- Signal transduction: Couples to Gq proteins, activating PLCbeta and leading to Ca2+ mobilization
- Neuroprotection: PK2/PROKR2 signaling has neurotrophic effects and promotes neuron survival
- Circadian rhythm: Involved in photic entrainment of circadian clocks
- Olfactory function: Important for olfactory bulb development and function
Disease Associations
Parkinson's Disease
...PROKR2 Gene - Prokineticin Receptor 2
Introduction
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<h3>PROKR2</h3>
<table>
<tr><th>Full Name</th><td>Prokineticin Receptor 2</td></tr>
<tr><th>Chromosomal Location</th><td>20p12.3</td></tr>
<tr><th>NCBI Gene ID</th><td>[128674](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/128674)</td></tr>
<tr><th>OMIM</th><td>[607123](https://www.omim.org/entry/607123)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Ensembl ID</th><td>ENSG00000101292</td></tr>
<tr><th>UniProt</th><td>[Q8NFJ6](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8NFJ6)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Associated Diseases</th><td>Parkinson's Disease, Kallmann Syndrome</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
Overview
PROKR2 (Prokineticin Receptor 2), also known as GPR73b, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds prokineticin peptides (PK1/EG-VEGF and PK2). It plays important roles in neurodevelopment, circadian rhythm, and has been implicated in Parkinson's disease[@cheng2012].
Function
The PROKR2 gene encodes a 384-amino acid G protein-coupled receptor:
- Ligand binding: Binds prokineticin-1 (PK1) and prokineticin-2 (PK2) with high affinity
- Signal transduction: Couples to Gq proteins, activating PLCbeta and leading to Ca2+ mobilization
- Neuroprotection: PK2/PROKR2 signaling has neurotrophic effects and promotes neuron survival
- Circadian rhythm: Involved in photic entrainment of circadian clocks
- Olfactory function: Important for olfactory bulb development and function
Disease Associations
Parkinson's Disease
- Genetic link: Rare PROKR2 variants have been associated with increased PD risk[@li2019]
- Expression: PROKR2 is expressed in dopaminergic [neurons](/entities/neurons) of the substantia nigra
- Mechanism: Altered prokineticin signaling may affect dopaminergic neuron survival
- Research: Studies suggest PK2/PROKR2 axis may be a therapeutic target for neuroprotection[@martin2020]
Kallmann Syndrome
- Congenital condition: PROKR2 mutations cause isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency
- Features: Anosmia/hyposmia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Expression
PROKR2 is widely expressed in the nervous system:
- Olfactory bulb
- Hypothalamus
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock)
- Substantia nigra (dopaminergic neurons)
- Dorsal root ganglia
Background
The study of Prokr2 Gene Prokineticin Receptor 2 has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
References
[@cheng2012]: Cheng MY, et al. Prokineticin receptors and their ligands in neuronal function. Progress in Neurobiology. 2012;97(2):127-150. [DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.004.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.004.)
[@li2019]: Li M, et al. PROKR2 signaling in hypothalamic development and function. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 2019;53:100851. [DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100851.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100851.)
[@martin2020]: Martin C, et al. Prokineticin 2 and neurodegenerative disease. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2020;77(7):1291-1304. [DOI:10.1007/s00018-019-03219-8.](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03219-8.)
[@zhang2018]: Zhang L, et al. PROKR2 mutations and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2018;103(3):981-991. [DOI:10.1210/jc.2017-02077.](https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02077.)
[@yao2021]: Yao Y, et al. Prokineticin signaling in circadian rhythms and sleep. Neuroscience Bulletin. 2021;37(4):545-558. [DOI:10.1007/s12264-021-00657-0.](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-021-00657-0.)
[@chen2019]: Chen Q, et al. PROKR2 in neurodevelopment and disease. Brain Research. 2019;1718:52-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.022.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.022.)
[@wang2019]: Wang J, et al. Prokineticin receptors in the central nervous system. Cell Calcium. 2019;81:54-65. [DOI:10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001.)
[@li2021]: Li S, et al. Therapeutic potential of prokineticin receptor modulation. Neuropharmacology. 2021;198:108765. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108765.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108765.)
Key Publications
- - - ## Cross-links
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- Substantia Nig
See Also
- PROK2 Gene - Ligand for PROKR2
- Hypothalamic Disorders - Conditions affecting the hypothalamus
- Kallmann Syndrome - Associated with PROKR2 mutations
- GPCR Signaling - G-protein coupled receptor pathways
- Circadian Rhythm Disorders - Sleep and rhythm disturbances
External Links
- [GeneCards: PROKR2](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PROKR2) - Gene database
- [UniProt: Q8TCW9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TCW9) - Protein database
- [OMIM: PROKR2](https://www.omim.org/entry/607123) - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
- [IUPHAR: PROKR2](https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRID/IUPHAR-DB/object?display=channel&objectId=1028) - Receptor pharmacology