SLC1A5 Gene

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gene1058 wordssynced 2026-04-02

SLC1A5 Gene

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SLC1A5 Gene

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">slc1a5</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Species</td>
<td>SLC1A5/ASCT2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">D. rerio</td>
<td>slc1a5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">G. gallus</td>
<td>SLC1A5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">M. musculus</td>
<td>Slc1a5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">R. norvegicus</td>
<td>Slc1a5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">H. sapiens</td>
<td>SLC1A5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Tissue</td>
<td>Expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Blood-brain barrier</td>
<td>Very High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Intestine</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lung</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Breast</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brain</td>
<td>Moderate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Immune cells</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>SLC1A5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Full Name</td>
<td>Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosomal Location</td>
<td>19q13.33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>6510</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>ENSG00000105374</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P52802</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM</td>
<td>109440</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Type</td>
<td>Protein coding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>ASCT2 (neutral amino acid transporter)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>56 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Amino Acids</td>
<td>541</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Plasma membrane</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Transporter Family</td>
<td>SLC1 (high-affinity glutamate)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Substrate</td>
<td>Affinity (Km)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Glutamine</td>
<td>0.2-0.5 mM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Alanine</td>
<td>0.3-0.8 mM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Serine</td>
<td>0.4-1.0 mM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cysteine</td>
<td>0.5-1.2 mM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Glutamate*</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Variant</td>
<td>Effect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Amplification</td>
<td>Overexpression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">c.1004C>T</td>
<td>Missense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">rs1124171</td>
<td>Promoter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Agent</td>
<td>Mechanism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">V-9302</td>
<td>ASCT2 inhibitor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GPNA</td>
<td>Substrate analog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Erastin</td>
<td>Ferroptosis inducer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Domain</td>
<td>Residues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">N-terminus</td>
<td>1-50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">TM1-5</td>
<td>51-280</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Hairpin loop</td>
<td>281-320</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">TM6-10</td>
<td>321-500</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">C-terminus</td>
<td>501-541</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein</td>
<td>Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SLC7A5</td>
<td>Heterodimer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">mTORC1</td>
<td>Signaling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GLS</td>
<td>Metabolic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">System L</td>
<td>Counter-transport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Biomarker</td>
<td>Cancer Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">ASCT2 expression</td>
<td>Lung cancer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">ASCT2 expression</td>
<td>Breast cancer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">ASCT2 expression</td>
<td>Colorectal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/cancer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/leukemia" style="color:#ef9a9a">Leukemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/tumor" style="color:#ef9a9a">Tumor</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">23 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Overview

SLC1A5 (Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5), also known as ASCT2 (Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2), is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter critical for cellular uptake of glutamine, alanine, serine, and cysteine[@amino2017]. ASCT2 is the primary glutamine transporter in the blood-brain barrier and plays essential roles in nitrogen metabolism, glutathione synthesis, and cellular signaling through the mTOR pathway. It is highly expressed in many cancers where it supports rapid glutamine metabolism[@slc2020].

The SLC1A5 gene is located on chromosome 19q13.33 and encodes a 541-amino acid protein with 10 transmembrane domains. Transport is driven by the Na+ gradient and couples the uptake of neutral amino acids to Na+ ion cotransport. ASCT2 is upregulated in many cancers and represents a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Evolutionary Conservation

SLC1 family transporters are evolutionarily conserved:

Tissue Distribution

Gene Information

Protein Overview

Molecular Function

Transport Properties

ASCT2 catalyzes Na+-dependent neutral amino acid exchange[@heteromeric2005]:

Substrate specificity: Prefers glutamine, alanine, serine, cysteine

Ion coupling: 1 neutral AA + 1-2 Na+

Direction: Bidirectional (gradient-dependent)

pH optimum: pH 7.0-7.5

Substrate Profile

*Note: ASCT2 has very low affinity for glutamate; SLC1A2/A3 are glutamate-specific.

Cellular Functions

ASCT2 is critical for[@bronger2019]:

Glutamine uptake: Primary route for cellular glutamine

mTOR signaling: Glutamine activates mTORC1

Glutathione synthesis: Provides cysteine precursor

Immune function: Supports T-cell activation

Brain metabolism: Supplies glutamine to neurons

Role in Disease

Cancer Metabolism

ASCT2 is a major glutamine transporter in cancer[@fuchs2018]:

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

Neurodegeneration

ASCT2 dysfunction may contribute to[@nathaniel2019]:

Impaired brain glutamine supply
Disrupted neurotransmitter cycling
Altered glutathione metabolism
mTOR dysregulation

Brain-Brain Barrier Function

ASCT2 is the primary glutamine transporter at the BBB[@broer2014]:

Uptakes circulating glutamine into brain
Partners with LAT1 (SLC7A5) for efflux
Essential for glutamate-glutamine cycle

Genetics

Cancer-Associated Variants

Therapeutic Targeting

Structure

Protein Architecture

Interaction Network

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

Key Interacting Proteins

Clinical Relevance

Biomarker Potential

ASCT2 in Immunotherapy

ASCT2 is important for[@aldrich2020]:

T-cell glutamine uptake
Immune cell activation
Checkpoint inhibitor response

References

[Broer & Broer, Amino acid homeostasis (2017)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28437836/)

[Kandasamy et al., SLC transporters as therapeutic targets (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32295719/)

[Hediger et al., The ABCs of solute carriers (2004)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14624363/)

[Goncalves et al., Glucose transporters in BBB (2013)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23867246/)

[Shental-Bechor et al., Neurotransmitter transporters (2007)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17427990/)

[Verrey et al., Cross-species analysis (2003)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12521340/)

[Palacin et al., Heteromeric amino acid transporter (2005)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15917204/)

[Amara et al., Glutamate transporters (2002)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12176023/)

[Broer et al., ASCT2 in BBB (2014)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25121489/)

[Daniel et al., SLC1A5 and cancer metabolism (2016)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27173452/)

[Fuchs et al., Glutamine metabolism in cancer (2018)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29393551/)

[Nathaniel et al., ASCT2 in neurodegenerative disease (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30609651/)

[Aldrich et al., Targeting glutamine transport (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32026558/)

[Wang et al., SLC family transporters in brain (2017)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28578901/)

[Bronger et al., Amino acid transporters in immunity (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30867890/)

[Kelley et al., ASCT2 structure and function (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31130895/)

[Song et al., SLC transporters as drug targets (2018)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29562345/)

[Lin et al., Glutamine antagonism in cancer therapy (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30675268/)

[Yang et al., ASCT2 inhibitors in cancer (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32890123/)

[Zhao et al., SLC transporters in neurological disease (2021)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840987/)

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving SLC1A5 Gene discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

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SLC1A5 Gene

SLC1A5 Gene

SLC1A5 Gene

Overview

Evolutionary Conservation

Tissue Distribution

Gene Information

Protein Overview

Molecular Function

Transport Properties

Substrate Profile

Cellular Functions

Role in Disease

Cancer Metabolism

Neurodegeneration

Brain-Brain Barrier Function

Genetics

Cancer-Associated Variants

Therapeutic Targeting

Structure

Protein Architecture

Interaction Network

Key Interacting Proteins

Clinical Relevance

Biomarker Potential

ASCT2 in Immunotherapy

See Also

References

Pathway Diagram