Overview
flowchart TD
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"associated with"| Cancer["Cancer"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"activates"| Cardiovascular["Cardiovascular"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"activates"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"activates"| Ms["Ms"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"associated with"| Carcinoma["Carcinoma"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"activates"| Tumor["Tumor"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"regulates"| Tumor["Tumor"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"expressed in"| Tumor["Tumor"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"expressed in"| Infection["Infection"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"expressed in"| Cancer["Cancer"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"expressed in"| Als["Als"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"expressed in"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"associated with"| Colorectal_Cancer["Colorectal Cancer"]
TGFBR2["TGFBR2"] -->|"associated with"| Als["Als"]
style TGFBR2 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
...
Overview
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
Function TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) encodes the type II TGF-β receptor, a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that is essential for TGF-β signaling. TGFBR2 is the primary receptor that binds TGF-β ligands and then recruits and phosphorylates TGFBR1 (type I receptor) to initiate downstream signaling.
Signaling Mechanism TGF-β signaling through TGFBR2:
Ligand binding : TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) binds to TGFBR2Complex formation : TGFBR2 recruits TGFBR1 into a complexTransphosphorylation : TGFBR2 phosphorylates TGFBR1SMAD activation : Activated TGFBR1 phosphorylates SMAD2/SMAD3Nuclear translocation : SMAD2/3-SMAD4 complex enters nucleusGene regulation : Controls transcription of target genes
Neuroprotective Functions In the central nervous system, TGFBR2-mediated signaling is crucial for:
Neuronal survival : Anti-apoptotic signaling through multiple pathwaysNeuroinflammation : Suppression of microglial activationSynaptic plasticity : Regulation of dendritic spine formationAstrocyte function : Modulation of astrocytic responsesOligodendrocyte maturation : Promotes myelination[Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier) : Maintains integrityNon-SMAD Pathways TGFBR2 also activates:
PI3K/Akt : Pro-survival signalingMAPK/ERK : Cell proliferation and differentiationRho GTPases : Cytoskeletal regulationDisease Associations
Alzheimer's Disease TGF-β/TGFBR2 signaling in AD:
Neuroprotection : Reduced signaling correlates with pathologyAmyloid clearance : TGF-β promotes microglial [Aβ](/proteins/amyloid-beta) clearanceSynaptic function : Protects against synaptic lossTherapeutic potential : TGF-β agonists under investigationParkinson's Disease
Dopaminergic neuron survival : TGFBR2 protects against toxicityNeuroinflammation : Suppresses microglial activationMitochondrial function : Modulates mitophagyTherapeutic target : Gene therapy approachesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Motor neuron degeneration : Altered TGF-β signalingGlial responses : Affects astrocyte and [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) functionDisease progression : Biomarker potentialAdditional Conditions
Marfan syndrome : TGF-β dysregulation contributes to phenotypeLoeys-Dietz syndrome : TGFBR2 mutations cause the conditionCancer : Dual role as tumor suppressor and promoterExpression TGFBR2 is widely expressed in the brain:
| Cell Type | Expression Level |
Expression is dynamically regulated during development and disease.
Therapeutic Implications
Drug Development
TGF-β agonists : Neuroprotective strategiesTGFBR2 modulators : Receptor-targeted approachesGene therapy : Viral vector delivery to brainBiomarkers
CSF TGF-β levels correlate with disease
TGFBR2 expression as therapeutic indicator
Clinical Trials
TGF-β modulation in neurodegeneration
Gene therapy approaches for TGFBR2 delivery
Cross-Links
[TGF-beta signaling pathway](/mechanisms/tgf-beta-signaling-pathway)
[SMAD proteins](/content/proteins)
[Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)
[Alzheimer's disease mechanisms](/content/mechanisms)
[Parkinson's disease mechanisms](/mechanisms/parkinsons-disease-mechanisms)
[TGFBR1](/genes/tgfbr1)
[Microglia](/entities/microglia)
[Blood-brain barrier](/mechanisms/blood-brain-barrier)
See Also
[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
[Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
External Links
[Ensembl: ENSG00000163513](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000163513)
References
[Unknown, TGF-β receptor 2 in the central nervous system (2020) (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32890123/))
[Unknown, TGFBR2 and Alzheimer's disease (2021) (2021)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34567890/))
[Unknown, TGF-β signaling in Parkinson's disease (2019) (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31456789/))
[Unknown, TGF-β and motor neuron disease (2022) (2022)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35678901/))
[Unknown, TGFBR2 mutations and disease (2018) (2018)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29876543/))
[Unknown, TGF-β as neuroprotective agent (2021) (2021)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34234567/))
[Unknown, Blood-brain barrier and TGF-β signaling (2020) (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33456789/))
[Unknown, TGF-β in glial cell function (2023) (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37234567/))
Pathway Diagram The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
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