TGFBR2 — Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2

TGFBR2 Gene

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">TGFBR2 — Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Official Symbol</td>
<td>TGFBR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Official Full Name</td>
<td>Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosomal Location</td>
<td>3p24.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>7048</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM</td>
<td>190182</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>ENSG00000163513</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P37173</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Introduction

TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) is an essential component of TGF-beta signaling in the nervous system. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Overview

TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) encodes the transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor that initiates TGF-beta signaling in the central nervous system[@massague2012][@todo2020]. As the primary type II receptor for TGF-beta ligands, TGFBR2 plays critical roles in regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and glial cell function[@luo2019].

Gene Information

TGFBR2 Gene

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">TGFBR2 — Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Official Symbol</td>
<td>TGFBR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Official Full Name</td>
<td>Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosomal Location</td>
<td>3p24.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>7048</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM</td>
<td>190182</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>ENSG00000163513</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P37173</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Introduction

TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) is an essential component of TGF-beta signaling in the nervous system. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Overview

TGFBR2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) encodes the transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor that initiates TGF-beta signaling in the central nervous system[@massague2012][@todo2020]. As the primary type II receptor for TGF-beta ligands, TGFBR2 plays critical roles in regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and glial cell function[@luo2019].

Gene Information

Protein Structure and Function

TGFBR2 is a transmembrane receptor kinase consisting of:

• Extracellular domain: Contains TGF-beta binding regions that recognize ligand-bound type III receptors
• Transmembrane domain: Single-pass transmembrane helix
• Cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase domain: Phosphorylates type I receptors and downstream substrates

Functions in the Nervous System

• TGF-beta signal initiation: Primary receptor for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3[@gordon2020]
• Neuroinflammation regulation: Controls microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production[@brionne2021]
• Neuronal survival: Mediates TGF-beta-induced neuroprotective effects[@kane2018]
• Synaptic plasticity: Modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and [long-term potentiation](/mechanisms/long-term-potentiation)[@ferguson2019]
• [Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier) integrity: Regulates endothelial cell function and BBB maintenance[@tichauer2020]

Expression in the Brain

TGFBR2 is expressed throughout the brain:

• [Neurons](/entities/neurons): Moderate to high expression in [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex), [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus), basal ganglia, and cerebellum[@stipursky2018]
• [Astrocytes](/entities/astrocytes): High expression, particularly in reactive astrocytes[@hamby2020]
• [Microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation): Present in resting and activated microglial states[@liu2021]
• Endothelial cells: Expressed in cerebral blood vessels, critical for BBB function[@nitta2019]
• Oligodendrocytes: Expression in mature oligodendrocytes[@palazuelos2021]

Role in Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

• TGFBR2 signaling is altered in AD brain, particularly in areas with amyloid pathology[@caraci2021]
• TGF-beta signaling through TGFBR2 is important for microglial phenotype regulation[@wysscoray2020]
• Impaired TGFBR2 signaling may contribute to neuroinflammation in AD[@tolar2019]
• Genetic variants in TGFBR2 have been associated with AD risk[@mousseau2021]

Parkinson's Disease

• TGFBR2 plays a role in protecting dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress[@rai2022]
• TGF-beta signaling modulates [alpha-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) aggregation and toxicity[@reynolds2021]
• Altered TGFBR2 expression observed in PD substantia nigra[@tong2019]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

• TGFBR2 signaling may influence motor neuron survival in ALS[@dormann2020]
• Dysregulation of TGF-beta pathway components in ALS[@ilieva2019]

Multiple Sclerosis

• TGFBR2 critical for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell function and remyelination[@palazuelos2021a]

Therapeutic Implications

• TGF-beta therapies: Modulating TGFBR2 signaling for neuroprotection[@sakauchi2021]
• Receptor agonists: Developing TGF-beta analogs that activate TGFBR2[@akhurst2021]
• Gene therapy: Targeting TGFBR2 expression for neurodegenerative diseases[@endo2022]

Key Publications

See Also

• [TGF-beta Signaling Pathway in Neurodegeneration](/mechanisms/tgf-beta-signaling-pathway)
• [TGFBR1 Gene](/genes/tgfrb1)
• [SMAD2 Gene](/genes/smad2)
• [SMAD3 Gene](/genes/smad3)
• [TGF-β1 Protein](/proteins/tgfb1-protein)
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)

Background

The study of Tgfbr2 — Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2 has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
• [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
• [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data

References