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proteinopathic-processes-spread-through-brain

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general1856 wordssynced 2026-04-02

Proteinopathic processes spread through the brain in a 'prion-like' manner

Mechanistic Model

flowchart TD subgraph Initiation A["Pathological Protein<br/>Misfolded -> Seed Formation"] --> B{"Transmission Route"} end subgraph Intercellular Transmission B --> C["Synaptic Transport<br/>Axonal, trans-synaptic"] B --> D["Extracellular Vesicles<br/>Exosomes, microvesicles"] B --> E["Tunneling Nanotubes<br/>Direct cytoplasmic bridge"] B --> F["Free Diffusion<br/>Interstitial fluid"] end subgraph Template-Directed Misfolding C --> G["Receptor Neuron<br/>Internalization"] D --> G E --> G F --> G G --> H["Endosomal Entry<br/>Membrane trafficking"] H --> I["Template-Directed<br/>Misfolding"] I --> J["Native Protein<br/>Conversion"] J --> K["New Seed Formation<br/>Amplification"] end subgraph Propagation K --> L["Spread to Next<br/>Brain Region"] L --> M{"Neural Network<br/>Connectivity"} M -->|"Anatomical"| B M -->|"Functional"| B end subgraph Neurodegeneration K --> N["Aggregate Accumulation<br/>Oligomers, fibrils"] N --> O["Synaptic Dysfunction<br/>Loss, dysfunction"] O --> P["Neuronal Death<br/>Apoptosis, necrosis"] P --> Q["Network Breakdown<br/>Disconnectivity"] end style A fill:#0a1929,stroke:#333,color:#e0e0e0 style I fill:#3a3000,stroke:#333,color:#e0e0e0 style K fill:#3a3000,stroke:#333,color:#e0e0e0 style Q fill:#3b1114,stroke:#333,color:#e0e0e0

Overview


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