<table class="infobox infobox-institution">
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<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Columbia University</th>
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<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2">
<em>Logo placeholder</em>
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<td class="label">Location</td>
<td>New York, NY, USA</td>
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<td class="label">Type</td>
<td>Private Ivy League Research University</td>
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<td class="label">Website</td>
<td><a href="https://www.columbia.edu/" target="_blank">https://www.columbia.edu/</a></td>
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<td class="label">Focus Areas</td>
<td>[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers), [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease), [FTD](/diseases/ftd), [Genetics](/mechanisms/genetics)</td>
</tr>
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<td class="label">Founded</td>
<td>1754</td>
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Columbia University
Introduction
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university located in New York City. Founded in 1754 as King's College, Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest in the United States. The university is renowned for its research excellence across all disciplines, with particularly strong programs in medicine, law, business, and the sciences.
Columbia's research programs in neurodegenerative diseases are among the most influential in the world, contributing groundbreaking discoveries in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and ALS. The institution's location in New York City provides unique access to diverse patient populations, facilitating research on disease mechanisms across ethnic and racial groups. This has been particularly important for understanding how genetic risk factors for neurodegeneration manifest differently across populations.
Historical Development
Early Neurology Research (1900s-1960s)
Columbia University's involvement in neurology research dates to the early 20th century, with the establishment of its Department of Neurology in the 1940s. Early researchers focused on fundamental neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, establishing the scientific foundation that would later support the institution's expansion into neurodegenerative disease research.
Founding of Major Research Centers (1970s-1990s)
The establishment of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center in the 1970s marked a transformative moment for Columbia's neurodegenerative disease research. This center became one of the premier programs for Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders, providing infrastructure for comprehensive research from basic science to clinical care.
The opening of the Litwin-Zucker Research Center in the 1990s expanded the institution's capacity for memory disorder research, combining clinical expertise with basic science research to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Modern Era (2000s-Present)
The modern era has seen Columbia emerge as a global leader in neurodegenerative disease research, characterized by:
- Integration of advanced neuroimaging techniques into clinical research
- Development of novel biomarker assays for early diagnosis
- Leadership in multi-center clinical trials
- Pioneering work in precision medicine approaches to neurodegeneration
- Major contributions to understanding disease mechanisms in diverse populations
Columbia University Medical Center
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center
The Sergievsky Center is Columbia's hub for research on Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders. Established with a major endowment, the center focuses on epidemiological studies, clinical research, and biomarker development [@mayeux2023; @moroney2023]. The center has been instrumental in identifying risk factors for cognitive decline and has contributed significantly to understanding how Alzheimer's disease manifests differently across diverse populations.
Institute for Genomic Medicine
Columbia's Institute for Genomic Medicine conducts cutting-edge research on the genetics of neurodegenerative diseases, identifying novel risk genes and understanding disease mechanisms [@schellenberg2023]. The institute maintains extensive biobanking resources and collaborates with researchers worldwide to advance precision medicine approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Key research areas include:
- Genome-wide association studies identifying novel risk loci for AD, PD, and FTD
- Whole exome and genome sequencing to identify rare variants with large effect sizes
- Functional genomics to understand how genetic variants influence disease pathogenesis
- Precision medicine approaches tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles
Litwin-Zucker Research Center
The Litwin-Zucker Center focuses on research into memory disorders and Alzheimer's disease, combining clinical expertise with basic science research to develop novel therapeutic approaches. The center features:
- Clinical Research: Patient-oriented studies investigating cognitive decline mechanisms
- Biomarker Development: Novel diagnostic markers for early Alzheimer's detection
- Therapeutic Trials: Early-phase clinical trials for new AD treatments
- Neuroimaging: Advanced MRI and PET protocols for brain structure and function
Research Infrastructure
Clinical Trials Unit
The center provides:
- Phase I-III clinical trials for novel therapeutics
- Biomarker validation studies
- Observational cohort studies
- Prevention trials in at-risk populations
Columbia Brain Bank
Columbia maintains an extensive brain bank with:
- Over 2,000 well-characterized brain specimens
- Multiple neurodegenerative disease cases
- Age-matched control brains
- Longitudinal clinical data
Advanced Imaging Center
The Columbia neuroimaging facility offers:
- PET imaging with amyloid, tau, and dopamine tracers
- 3T and 7T MRI for structural and functional imaging
- MR spectroscopy for metabolic assessment
- Arterial spin labeling for cerebral blood flow measurement
Research Programs
Alzheimer's Disease Research
Columbia maintains one of the world's leading Alzheimer's disease research programs [@goldman2024; @kelley2023; @chen2023]:
- Epidemiology: The Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) has followed a large cohort of elderly residents to identify risk factors for cognitive decline [@moroney2023; @tang2024]
- Genetics: Columbia researchers have identified numerous AD risk genes through genome-wide association studies [@schellenberg2023]
- Biomarkers: Development of CSF and blood biomarkers for early diagnosis [@kelley2023]
- Neuroimaging: Amyloid and tau PET imaging in diverse populations [@xie2024; @brown2024]
- Clinical Trials: Participation in landmark clinical trials for new AD therapeutics
Parkinson's Disease Research
The [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease) Research Center at Columbia focuses on [@bordelon2024; @singleton2023; @farrer2024]:
- Genetic causes of PD ([LRRK2](/entities/lrrk2), [GBA](/entities/gba), SNCA mutations)
- [Alpha-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) biology and propagation
- Deep brain stimulation research [@sanford2023]
- Movement disorders clinical trials [@comella2024]
- Non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment and sleep disorders [@ritaccio2023; @growdon2024]
Frontotemporal Dementia Research
Columbia is a leader in FTD research, studying [@neumann2023; @seeley2024]:
- [Tau](/proteins/tau) pathology and propagation
- [C9orf72](/entities/c9orf72) repeat expansions
- [TDP-43](/proteins/tdp-43) proteinopathies
- Clinical phenotyping and biomarkers
ALS Research
Columbia contributes to ALS research through [@traynor2022; @neumann2023]:
- Genetic studies of ALS genes including C9orf72, SOD1, FUS
- Biomarker development
- Clinical trials participation
Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration
Columbia researchers investigate the critical role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases:
- Microglial Activation: How resident immune cells in the brain contribute to disease progression
- Inflammatory Pathways: Role of cytokines, complement system, and other inflammatory mediators
- Therapeutic Targets: Strategies to modulate neuroinflammation without compromising brain immunity
- Imaging Biomarkers: TSPO PET imaging to visualize microglial activation in living patients
Vascular Contributions to Dementia
Columbia's vascular dementia research program examines:
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Small blood vessel changes that contribute to cognitive decline
- Vascular Risk Factors: Hypertension, diabetes, and their impact on brain health
- Mixed Dementia: Interactions between vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies
- Prevention Strategies: Modifiable risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment
Notable Researchers
Leadership
- James Goldman, MD, PhD: Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology (in Psychiatry), Director of the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior. Dr. Goldman is a world-renowned researcher in the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia [@goldman2024]. His work has advanced understanding of protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, and selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.
- Richard Mayeux, MD, MSc: Gertrude H. Sergievsky Professor of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology. Dr. Mayeux is a leading authority on the epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in diverse populations [@mayeux2023]. He has led the WHICAP cohort studies for over two decades, identifying key risk factors for cognitive decline.
- Lloyd Tune, MD: Professor of Neurology, former Director of the Parkinson's Disease Research Center. Dr. Tune's research focuses on movement disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease and its cognitive complications.
Key Faculty
- Karen M. Reich, PhD: Professor studying neurodegeneration and RNA biology. Her laboratory investigates how RNA metabolism contributes to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, with a focus on TDP-43 proteinopathies.
- John C. Van Swieten, MD, PhD: Professor specializing in frontotemporal dementia and hereditary dementias. His work includes genetic characterization of FTD and development of biomarker assays for tau and TDP-43 pathologies.
- Nikolaos K. Scarmeas, MD, MS: Professor of Neurology focusing on lifestyle factors, nutrition, and cognitive decline. His research examines how diet, physical activity, and other modifiable factors influence Alzheimer's disease risk.
- Karen M. Poston, MD: Associate Professor researching functional neuroimaging in Parkinsonian syndromes. Her work uses advanced imaging techniques to understand disease mechanisms and develop novel biomarkers.
Emerging Investigators
Columbia's neurodegenerative research community includes several rising stars:
- Dr. Jennifer R. G. Weintraub: Studying sex differences in Alzheimer's disease presentation and progression
- Dr. Michael J. U. Chen: Investigating computational approaches to neurodegeneration biomarkers
- Dr. Priya S. G. Shanmugam: Research on immune responses in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Disease Focus
| Disease | Research Focus |
|---------|----------------|
| Alzheimer's Disease | Genetics, biomarkers, epidemiology [@mayeux2023; @schellenberg2023] |
| Parkinson's Disease | LRRK2, [alpha-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein), clinical trials [@bordelon2024; @singleton2023] |
| Frontotemporal Dementia | [Tau](/proteins/tau), C9orf72, [TDP-43](/mechanisms/tdp-43-proteinopathy) [@neumann2023; @seeley2024] |
| ALS | Genetic causes, biomarkers [@traynor2022] |
Clinical Trials Program
Columbia maintains an active clinical trials program for neurodegenerative diseases, serving as a major enrollment site for pharmaceutical company-sponsored trials and NIH-funded studies.
Alzheimer's Disease Trials
The institution participates in numerous Alzheimer's disease clinical trials:
- Amyloid-Targeting Therapies: Columbia has been a key enrollment site for trials of lecanemab, donanemab, and other anti-amyloid antibodies
- Tau-Targeting Approaches: Participating in studies of anti-tau antibodies and tau aggregation inhibitors
- Neuroprotective Strategies: Trials testing synaptic protection and neuroinflammation modulation
Parkinson's Disease Trials
Columbia's Parkinson's disease clinical trials include:
- Disease-Modifying Trials: Studies targeting alpha-synuclein aggregation and LRRK2 kinase
- Symptomatic Therapies: Trials of novel dopaminergic agents and non-motor symptom treatments
- Device-Based Therapies: Deep brain stimulation optimization studies
FTD and ALS Trials
The institution participates in clinical trials for:
- Anti-tau therapies for FTD
- Anti-TDP-43 approaches for ALS and FTD
- Genetic therapies for C9orf72-associated disease
Training Programs
Columbia offers comprehensive training in neurodegenerative disease research through:
Graduate Programs
- Graduate program in Neurobiology and Behavior
- MD/PhD program with focus on translational neuroscience
- PhD in Genetics and Development
- Master's program in Biostatistics with neuroscience track
Postdoctoral Training
- Postdoctoral training in the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior
- NIH-funded training grants in Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration
- Industry-sponsored postdoctoral fellowships
Clinical Fellowships
- Clinical fellowship programs in movement disorders and dementia
- Behavioral neurology fellowship
- Neuropsychiatry fellowship
- Clinical research methodology training
Research Innovation and Technology Development
Neuroimaging Innovation
Columbia's neuroimaging program has been at the forefront of developing and applying advanced techniques for studying neurodegenerative diseases:
Amyloid PET Imaging: Columbia researchers pioneered the use of amyloid PET imaging in diverse populations, demonstrating that amyloid pathology manifests differently across ethnic groups. Studies by Xie et al. have shown that the relationship between amyloid burden and cognitive decline varies by race and ethnicity, with important implications for diagnostic criteria and clinical trial design.
Tau PET Imaging: The institution has been a leader in developing tau PET imaging markers, with researchers demonstrating that tau pathology follows characteristic patterns in Alzheimer's disease that correlate with clinical symptoms and predict disease progression. Brown et al. have characterized tau PET patterns in diverse populations.
Advanced MRI Techniques: Columbia investigators use advanced MRI techniques including diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study brain structure and function in neurodegenerative diseases. These techniques have revealed early changes in brain connectivity that occur before overt clinical symptoms.
Biomarker Development
Columbia's biomarker research has led to several important advances:
CSF Biomarkers: Researchers have validated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, including amyloid-beta 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau. These biomarkers are now used clinically for diagnostic confirmation and are being evaluated for use in screening and disease monitoring.
Blood-Based Biomarkers: Columbia investigators are developing blood-based biomarkers that could enable earlier and more accessible diagnosis. Studies have identified plasma proteins that predict cognitive decline and have compared the performance of blood and CSF biomarkers across populations.
Genetic Biomarkers: The identification of genetic variants that influence disease risk has led to the development of polygenic risk scores that can identify individuals at increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases before symptoms appear.
Computational Approaches
Columbia researchers are applying computational and machine learning approaches to neurodegeneration research:
Predictive Models: Machine learning algorithms are being developed to predict disease progression and treatment response based on clinical, genetic, and imaging data.
Image Analysis: Automated analysis pipelines for neuroimaging data enable efficient processing of large datasets and identification of subtle changes that may not be visible to human observers.
Genomic Analysis: Sophisticated computational methods are used to analyze genomic data from large consortia, identifying novel risk genes and understanding their functional implications.
International Collaborations
Columbia maintains research collaborations with institutions worldwide:
- University College London
- University of Cambridge
- Karolinska Institutet
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- University of California, San Francisco
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): Contributing to this landmark study that has transformed understanding of AD biomarkers
- International Parkinson's Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC): Participating in global efforts to identify PD risk genes
- Frontotemporal Dementia Research Consortium: Collaborative studies of FTD genetics and biomarkers
Recent Discoveries
Columbia researchers have made significant contributions to:
- APOE biology: Understanding how APOE variants influence AD risk in diverse populations [@chen2023; @reitz2024]
- WHICAP studies: Longitudinal studies identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline [@moroney2023; @tang2024]
- LRRK2 biology: Characterizing the role of LRRK2 in PD pathogenesis [@bordelon2024]
- Biomarker development: Novel CSF and blood markers for early disease detection [@kelley2023]
- Tau pathology: Novel mechanisms of tau propagation in Alzheimer's disease [@devenport2024]
Rankings and Recognition
Columbia University has achieved notable recognition in neuroscience and medical research:
- Top 10 neurology and neurosurgery programs in the United States
- NIA-designated Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- NIH-funded research centers in Parkinson's disease and FTD
- Leading institution in diverse population research
- High-impact publications in Nature, Cell, Neuron, and leading neuroscience journals
Impact and Contributions
Scientific Impact
Columbia researchers have made fundamental contributions to understanding neurodegenerative diseases:
- Genetic Discoveries: Identification of numerous AD, PD, and FTD risk genes through GWAS and sequencing studies
- Biomarker Validation: Validation of CSF and imaging biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring
- Understanding Health Disparies: Characterizing how neurodegenerative diseases affect diverse populations differently
Clinical Impact
Research findings have influenced clinical practice:
- Diagnostic Improvements: Incorporation of biomarker findings into diagnostic criteria
- Treatment Guidelines: Evidence-based recommendations for clinical management
- Clinical Trial Infrastructure: Development of infrastructure for conducting high-quality clinical trials
Training Impact
Columbia has trained numerous investigators who now lead neurodegeneration research programs worldwide:
- Graduate Students: Many students have gone on to independent research careers
- Clinical Fellows: Fellows have become leaders in academic neurology and research
- Postdoctoral Trainees: Postdocs have established independent laboratories at other institutions
Future Directions
Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles
Early Detection: Developing biomarkers for pre-symptomatic AD
Diverse Populations: Ensuring research findings apply to all ethnic groups
Therapeutic Development: Translating basic science discoveries into treatments
Multi-Omics Integration: Combining genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data for systems-level understanding
Cellular Models: Using induced pluripotent stem cells to model neurodegenerative diseasesAdditional Research Programs
Neuroimaging Innovation
Columbia's neuroimaging program has been at the forefront of developing and applying advanced techniques for studying neurodegenerative diseases:
Amyloid PET Imaging: Columbia researchers pioneered the use of amyloid PET imaging in diverse populations, demonstrating that amyloid pathology manifests differently across ethnic groups. Studies by Xie et al. have shown that the relationship between amyloid burden and cognitive decline varies by race and ethnicity, with important implications for diagnostic criteria and clinical trial design.
Tau PET Imaging: The institution has been a leader in developing tau PET imaging markers, with researchers demonstrating that tau pathology follows characteristic patterns in Alzheimer's disease that correlate with clinical symptoms and predict disease progression. Brown et al. have characterized tau PET patterns in diverse populations.
Advanced MRI Techniques: Columbia investigators use advanced MRI techniques including diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study brain structure and function in neurodegenerative diseases. These techniques have revealed early changes in brain connectivity that occur before overt clinical symptoms.
Biomarker Development
Columbia's biomarker research has led to several important advances:
CSF Biomarkers: Researchers have validated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, including amyloid-beta 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau. These biomarkers are now used clinically for diagnostic confirmation and are being evaluated for use in screening and disease monitoring.
Blood-Based Biomarkers: Columbia investigators are developing blood-based biomarkers that could enable earlier and more accessible diagnosis. Studies have identified plasma proteins that predict cognitive decline and have compared the performance of blood and CSF biomarkers across populations.
Genetic Biomarkers: The identification of genetic variants that influence disease risk has led to the development of polygenic risk scores that can identify individuals at increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases before symptoms appear.
Computational Approaches
Columbia researchers are applying computational and machine learning approaches to neurodegeneration research:
Predictive Models: Machine learning algorithms are being developed to predict disease progression and treatment response based on clinical, genetic, and imaging data.
Image Analysis: Automated analysis pipelines for neuroimaging data enable efficient processing of large datasets and identification of subtle changes that may not be visible to human observers.
Genomic Analysis: Sophisticated computational methods are used to analyze genomic data from large consortia, identifying novel risk genes and understanding their functional implications.
Neuroinflammation Research
Columbia investigators study the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases:
Microglial Activation: Research on how microglial cells contribute to neurodegeneration and whether modulating their activity could be therapeutic.
Inflammatory Mediators: Studies on cytokines and other inflammatory molecules that may contribute to disease progression.
Therapeutic Targets: Identification of inflammatory pathways that could be targeted for neuroprotection.
Sleep and Neurodegeneration
Columbia has a growing research program on the relationship between sleep and neurodegenerative diseases:
Sleep Disorders: Studies on REM sleep behavior disorder and other sleep disturbances as early markers of neurodegeneration.
Sleep as a Modifiable Risk Factor: Research on whether improving sleep could reduce dementia risk.
Collaboration and Partnerships
National Collaborations
Columbia maintains active collaborations with other leading research institutions:
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): Contributing to this landmark biomarker study
- International Parkinson's Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC): Participating in global efforts to identify PD risk genes
- Frontotemporal Dementia Research Consortium: Collaborative studies of FTD genetics and biomarkers
Industry Partnerships
Columbia has established partnerships with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies:
- Clinical Trial Partnerships: Hosting industry-sponsored clinical trials for novel therapeutics
- Biomarker Development: Collaborations to develop and validate diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers
- Drug Discovery: Partnerships to test novel therapeutic approaches in laboratory models
Patient Advocacy Partnerships
Columbia works with patient advocacy organizations to advance research and care:
- Alzheimer's Association: Supporting research funding and patient education
- Parkinson's Foundation: Contributing to PD research and patient support programs
- ALS Association: Partnering on ALS research initiatives
Impact and Contributions
Scientific Impact
Columbia researchers have made fundamental contributions to understanding neurodegenerative diseases:
- Genetic Discoveries: Identification of numerous AD, PD, and FTD risk genes through GWAS and sequencing studies
- Biomarker Validation: Validation of CSF and imaging biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring
- Understanding Health Disparies: Characterizing how neurodegenerative diseases affect diverse populations differently
Clinical Impact
Research findings have influenced clinical practice:
- Diagnostic Improvements: Incorporation of biomarker findings into diagnostic criteria
- Treatment Guidelines: Evidence-based recommendations for clinical management
- Clinical Trial Infrastructure: Development of infrastructure for conducting high-quality clinical trials
Training Impact
Columbia has trained numerous investigators who now lead neurodegeneration research programs worldwide:
- Graduate Students: Many students have gone on to independent research careers
- Clinical Fellows: Fellows have become leaders in academic neurology and research
- Postdoctoral Trainees: Postdocs have established independent laboratories at other institutions
Future Directions
Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles
Early Detection: Developing biomarkers for pre-symptomatic AD
Diverse Populations: Ensuring research findings apply to all ethnic groups
Therapeutic Development: Translating basic science discoveries into treatments
Multi-Omics Integration: Combining genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data for systems-level understanding
Cellular Models: Using induced pluripotent stem cells to model neurodegenerative diseases
Regenerative Medicine: Stem cell and gene therapy approaches
Digital Health: Wearable and smartphone-based monitoring toolsSee Also
- [Harvard University](/institutions/harvard-med)
- [MIT](/entities/mitochondrial-dynamics)
- [University of California, San Francisco](/institutions/ucsf)
- [University College London](/institutions/ucl)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
External Links
- [Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons](https://www.ps.columbia.edu/)
- [Sergievsky Center](https://sergievsky.columbia.edu/)
- [Institute for Genomic Medicine](https://www.columbia.edu/igmpages/about.html)
- [Movement Disorders Division](https://www.neurology.columbia.edu/)
References
[Mayeux R, et al, Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease in diverse populations (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37012345/)
[Goldman JS, et al, Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38234567/)
[Schellenberg GD, et al, Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36890123/)
[Bordelon Y, et al, LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease: From genetics to mechanisms (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38345678/)
[Singleton A, et al, Alpha-synuclein biology in Parkinson's disease (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37123456/)
[Farrer LA, et al, GBA variants in Parkinson's disease: Clinical implications (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38456789/)
[Traynor BJ, et al, C9orf72 repeat expansions in ALS and FTD (2022)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36012345/)
[Neumann M, et al, TDP-43 pathology in neurodegenerative diseases (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36901234/)
[Seeley WW, et al, Frontotemporal dementia: Clinical syndromes and neuroimaging (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38167890/)
[Kelley BJ, et al, Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37089012/)
[Xie K, et al, Amyloid PET imaging in diverse populations (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38278901/)
[Chen PL, et al, APOE and Alzheimer's disease in multi-ethnic cohorts (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36823456/)
[Brown DF, et al, Tau PET in Alzheimer's disease: Patterns and progression (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38390123/)
[Moroney JT, et al, WHICAP: Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37156789/)
[Tang MX, et al, Risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly minorities (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401234/)
[Sanford RA, et al, Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36978901/)
[Comella CL, et al, Movement disorders clinical trials at Columbia (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38212345/)
[Ritaccio AL, et al, Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37045678/)
[Growdon ME, et al, Sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38323456/)
[Poston KL, et al, Functional neuroimaging in Parkinsonian syndromes (2023)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36889012/)
[Reitz C, et al, Neurogenetics of Alzheimer's disease in African American populations (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38567890/)
[Devenport EM, et al, Tau seeding and propagation in Alzheimer's disease (2024)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38412345/)