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Prion Protein Metabolism in Neurodegeneration

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mechanism2230 wordssynced 2026-04-02

Prion Protein Metabolism in Neurodegeneration

Overview

Prion protein metabolism refers to the cellular processes involved in the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of the cellular prion protein (PrP^C) and its pathological isoform (PrP^Sc). Dysregulation of prion protein metabolism is central to prion diseases and has implications for understanding broader neurodegenerative processes. [@cohen1999]

The Prion Protein

Cellular Prion Protein (PrP^C)

The cellular prion protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein encoded by the PRNP gene located on chromosome 20p13. [@caughey2003]

Structure: [@wickner2020]

  • N-terminal signal peptide (residues 1-23)
  • Octarepeat region (residues 51-91)
  • Central hydrophobic domain (residues 106-126)
  • C-terminal GPI anchor signal (residues 231-253)
  • Two N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn181, Asn197)
  • One disulfide bond (Cys179-Cys214)
Normal Function: [@aguzzi2004]
  • Copper ion binding and homeostasis
  • Neuronal protection against oxidative stress
  • Synaptic function and plasticity
  • Cell adhesion and signaling
  • [Neurogenesis](/mechanisms/neurogenesis)

Prion Protein (PrP^Sc)

The scrapie isoform (PrP^Sc) is the pathogenic, misfolded form of the prion protein. [@soto2011]

Key Characteristics: [@lee2022]

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