CCL2/MCP-1 Protein
Introduction
<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL2/MCP-1 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>CCL2/MCP-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene</td>
<td>[CCL2](/proteins/ccl2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[P13500](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structures</td>
<td>1DOM, 5D42, 5D43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>11 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>C-C chemokine family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Drug/Approach</td>
<td>Target</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brilliant Blue G</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">A-438079</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anti-C1q antibodies</td>
<td>C1q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR2 antagonists</td>
<td>CCL2/CCR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Galectin-3 inhibitors</td>
<td>LGALS3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/asthma" style="color:#ef9
...CCL2/MCP-1 Protein
Introduction
<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL2/MCP-1 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>CCL2/MCP-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene</td>
<td>[CCL2](/proteins/ccl2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[P13500](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structures</td>
<td>1DOM, 5D42, 5D43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>11 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>C-C chemokine family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Drug/Approach</td>
<td>Target</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brilliant Blue G</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">A-438079</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anti-C1q antibodies</td>
<td>C1q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR2 antagonists</td>
<td>CCL2/CCR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Galectin-3 inhibitors</td>
<td>LGALS3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/asthma" style="color:#ef9a9a">Asthma</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">391 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
Ccl2 Mcp 1 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
CCL2 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) is a small secreted chemokine that binds to CCR2 receptor to recruit monocytes and [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) to sites of inflammation. It is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. [@ransohoff2015]
Overview
CCL2/MCP1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that recruits monocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation. In the brain, CCL2 activates microglia and promotes neuroinflammation. Elevated CCL2 is observed in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. [@conductier2010]
This protein is involved in: [@jakstat]
- Chemotaxis: Recruits immune cells to inflamed tissue
- Microglial activation: Promotes pro-inflammatory responses
- [Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier): Modulates BBB permeability
- Disease associations: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, MS, inflammatory diseases
Protein Overview
Structure
The CCL2/MCP-1 protein belongs to the C-C chemokine family. The protein contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).
Normal Function
CCL2/MCP-1 is involved in chemoattraction of monocytes and microglia to sites of injury.
Role in Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
CCL2/MCP-1 plays a role in AD pathogenesis through recruitment of microglia to amyloid plaques and promotion of neuroinflammation.
Parkinson's Disease
CCL2/MCP-1 contributes to PD through microglial recruitment to degenerating [neurons](/entities/neurons).
Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
The protein is implicated in multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain.
Therapeutic Targeting
Key Publications
CCL2/MCP-1 in neurodegenerative disease - PMID: To be added
Structure and function of CCL2/MCP-1 - PMID: To be added
Therapeutic targeting of CCL2/MCP-1 - PMID: To be added
CCL2/MCP-1 as a biomarker - PMID: To be added
CCL2/MCP-1 expression in disease models - PMID: To be addedBackground
The study of Ccl2 Mcp 1 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
See Also
- CCL2 Gene
- [Proteins Index](/proteins)
- [Neuroinflammation Pathway](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation-pathway)
- [Microglia](/cell-types/microglia)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
Expression Pattern
CCL2/MCP-1 is expressed in various cell types in the brain:
- Neurons: Produce CCL2 in response to injury or disease
- Astrocytes: Major source of CCL2 in neuroinflammation
- Microglia: Express CCL2 and respond to CCR2 signaling
- Endothelial cells: Produce CCL2 at the blood-brain barrier
- Oligodendrocytes: Variable expression in disease states
Expression is typically low in healthy brain but increases dramatically in response to:
- Amyloid-beta deposition
- Tau pathology
- Alpha-synuclein aggregation
- Traumatic brain injury
- Ischemia
Signaling Pathways
CCL2 signals through multiple pathways:
[@jakstat]: JAK/STAT pathway: Induces gene expression
Downstre
- Monocyte recruitment: Attracts circulating monocytes to CNS
- Microglial activation: Potentiates pro-inflammatory responses
- Blood-brain barrier: Increases permeability
- Neuronal dysfunction: Contributes to synaptic impairment
Clinical Significance
Biomarker Potential
CCL2 has been investigated as a biomarker:
- CSF levels: Elevated in AD, PD, MS, and ALS
- Blood levels: Correl with disease severity in some studies
- Longitudinal changes: May track disease progression
- Therapeutic response: Could predict treatment outcomes
Genetic Associations
- CCL2 promoter polymorphisms: Associated with AD risk
- CCR2 variants: Impact migration and disease outcomes
- Expression QTLs: eQTLs in brain tissue
Research Directions
Key areas of ongoing research:
External Links
- [UniProt](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)
- [PDB](https://www.rcsb.org/)
- [AlphaFold](https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/)
References
Deshmane SL, et al, MCP-1/CCL2 in neuroinflammation (2009)
Ransohoff RM, et al, CCL2 in neurodegeneration (2015)
Conductier G, et al, The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in brain pathology (2010)
Unknown, JAK/STAT pathway: Induces gene expression (n.d.)