CCL3 Protein

CCL3 Protein

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL3 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P10147</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>CCL3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Length</td>
<td>99 amino acids (precursor), 69 aa (mature)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>~10 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Secreted</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Also Known As</td>
<td>MIP-1α, LD78β, G0S19-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Receptor</td>
<td>Affinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR1</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR4</td>
<td>Moderate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR5</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Approach</td>
<td>Description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCL3 neutralizing antibodies</td>
<td>Block CCL3 activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR1 antagonists</td>
<td>Block receptor signaling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR5 antagonists</td>
<td>Already in use for HIV</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Small molecule inhibitors</td>
<td>Inhibit CCL3 production</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a

CCL3 Protein

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL3 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>P10147</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>CCL3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Length</td>
<td>99 amino acids (precursor), 69 aa (mature)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>~10 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Secreted</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Also Known As</td>
<td>MIP-1α, LD78β, G0S19-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Receptor</td>
<td>Affinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR1</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR4</td>
<td>Moderate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR5</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Approach</td>
<td>Description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCL3 neutralizing antibodies</td>
<td>Block CCL3 activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR1 antagonists</td>
<td>Block receptor signaling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR5 antagonists</td>
<td>Already in use for HIV</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Small molecule inhibitors</td>
<td>Inhibit CCL3 production</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALZHEIMER</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer's-disease" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">195 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Ccl3 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

CCL3 (Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 3), also known as MIP-1α (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha), is a CC chemokine that plays critical roles in inflammation and immune cell recruitment. It is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. [@zhu2019]

Protein Information

Structure

• Signal peptide: 1-23 aa (secretory pathway)
• Mature protein: 24-99 aa
• Cys-Cys motif: Positions 34-35 (CC chemokine signature)
• Heparin-binding domain: C-terminal region

Molecular Function

Receptor Interactions:

Role in Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

• CCL3 protein elevated in AD brain ([hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus), cortex)
• Increased in CSF of AD patients
• Promotes microglial activation around amyloid plaques
• May have dual role: pro-inflammatory and [Aβ](/proteins/amyloid-beta) clearance
• Contributes to chronic neuroinflammation

Parkinson's Disease

• CCL3 highly expressed in PD substantia nigra
• Attracts [microglia](/entities/microglia) to dopaminergic [neurons](/entities/neurons)
• Promotes neuroinflammation and neuron loss
• CSF levels correlate with disease progression

ALS

• CCL3 dramatically increased in ALS spinal cord
• Attracts activated [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) to motor neurons
• Promotes inflammatory cascade
• CCL3 knockout mice show reduced motor neuron loss
• Therapeutic target for ALS

Multiple Sclerosis

• CCL3 recruits immune cells across [blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier)
• Promotes demyelination
• CCR1/CCR5 antagonists in clinical trials for MS

Therapeutic Targeting

Biomarker Potential

• CCL3 levels in CSF: biomarker for neuroinflammation
• Blood CCL3: potential peripheral marker

Interactions

• CCR1: Primary receptor on monocytes/macrophages
• CCR5: Co-receptor for HIV, important in T cell recruitment
• CCR4: Th2 cell recruitment
• Proteoglycans: Heparin-binding for gradient formation
• Other chemokines: Can form heterodimers

Animal Models

• Ccl3 knockout mice: Reduced inflammation in models
• Transgenic overexpression: Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

See Also

• [CCL3 Gene](/proteins/ccl3-protein)
• [Neuroinflammation Pathway](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation-pathway)
• [CCL4 Protein](/proteins/ccl4-protein)
• [CCR5 Protein](/proteins/ccr5-protein)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)

Background

The study of Ccl3 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
• [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
• [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data

References