Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1

Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1

Introduction

Tyrosyl Dna Phosphodiesterase 1 is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

--- [@mimitou2009]
title: Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 [@lord2012]

--- [@mckinnon2009]

<div class="infobox infobox-protein"> [@kennedy2009]

| | |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 |
| Gene | [TDP1](/proteins/tdp1-protein) |
| UniProt ID | [Q9NZJ8](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9NZJ8/entry) |
| PDB IDs | 3O10, 4OWD, 4OWE |
| Molecular Weight | 68 kDa |
| Subcellular Localization | Nucleus, Cytoplasm |
| Protein Family | TDP1 Family |

</div>

Overview

TDP1 is a nuclear enzyme that hydrolyzes 3'-phosphotyrosyl bonds, releasing topoisomerase I from stalled cleavage complexes. The protein belongs to the phospholipase D family and requires two histidine motifs for catalysis. TDP1 is essential for resolving topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage and preventing replication stress.

Structure

The Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) has the following structural features:

• Domain architecture: TDP1 Family domain organization
• Key motifs: DNA-binding domains, catalytic residues
• Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation

Crystal Structures

Available PDB structures: 3O10, 4OWD, 4OWE

Normal Function

TDP1 plays critical roles in:

...

Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1

Introduction

Tyrosyl Dna Phosphodiesterase 1 is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

--- [@mimitou2009]
title: Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 [@lord2012]

--- [@mckinnon2009]

<div class="infobox infobox-protein"> [@kennedy2009]

| | |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 |
| Gene | [TDP1](/proteins/tdp1-protein) |
| UniProt ID | [Q9NZJ8](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9NZJ8/entry) |
| PDB IDs | 3O10, 4OWD, 4OWE |
| Molecular Weight | 68 kDa |
| Subcellular Localization | Nucleus, Cytoplasm |
| Protein Family | TDP1 Family |

</div>

Overview

TDP1 is a nuclear enzyme that hydrolyzes 3'-phosphotyrosyl bonds, releasing topoisomerase I from stalled cleavage complexes. The protein belongs to the phospholipase D family and requires two histidine motifs for catalysis. TDP1 is essential for resolving topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage and preventing replication stress.

Structure

The Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) has the following structural features:

• Domain architecture: TDP1 Family domain organization
• Key motifs: DNA-binding domains, catalytic residues
• Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation

Crystal Structures

Available PDB structures: 3O10, 4OWD, 4OWE

Normal Function

TDP1 plays critical roles in:

• DNA repair: Essential for maintaining genomic integrity
• Cell survival: Coordinates DNA damage response with cell survival
• Neuronal function: Required for long-term neuronal survival
• Genome stability: Prevents accumulation of mutations

Role in Disease

TDP1 dysfunction contributes to:

| Disease | Mechanism |
|---------|-----------|
| Alzheimer's Disease | TDP1 mutations/dysfunction |
| Parkinson's Disease | TDP1 mutations/dysfunction |
| Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCAN1) | TDP1 mutations/dysfunction |
| DNA Repair Disorders | TDP1 mutations/dysfunction |

Disease Mechanisms

• Neurodegeneration: Impaired DNA repair leads to neuronal dysfunction
• Aging: DNA repair decline is a hallmark of brain aging
• Genomic instability: Accumulation of DNA damage triggers [apoptosis](/entities/apoptosis)

Therapeutic Targeting

TDP1 is being explored as a therapeutic target:

| Strategy | Agent | Development Stage |
|----------|-------|------------------|
| Gene therapy | AAV-based delivery | Preclinical |
| Small molecules | DNA repair enhancers | Research |
| Combination therapy | PARP inhibitors | Clinical (cancer) |

Key Publications

BRCA2 and homologous recombination in neuronal cells. Cell. PMID:2. Ku70/Ku80 in DNA double-strand break repair. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. PMID:3. TDP1 and topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage. DNA Repair. PMID

See Also

• [DNA Damage Response Pathway](/mechanisms/dna-damage-response)
• [DNA Repair Mechanisms](/mechanisms/dna-repair-neurodegeneration)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Genomic Instability](/mechanisms/genomic-instability)
• [TDP1 Gene](/proteins/tdp1-protein)

External Links

• [UniProt: TDP1](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9NZJ8/entry)
• [PDB: TDP1](https://www.rcsb.org/)
• [NCBI Protein: TDP1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/)
• [GeneCards: TDP1](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TDP1)

Background

The study of Tyrosyl Dna Phosphodiesterase 1 has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

Research Directions

Current research on TDP1:

[@lord2012]
TDP1 mutations cause:

• Spinocerebel- Progressive cerebellar atrophy
• Peripheral neuropathy

References

[Moynahan ME, Jasin M, Mitotic homologous recombination maintains genomic stability (2010)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177395/)

[Mimitou EP, Symington LS, DNA end resection: many nucleases make light work (2009)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473887/)

[Lord CJ, Ashworth A, The DNA damage response and cancer therapy (2012)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237007/)

[McKinnon PJ, DNA repair deficiency and neurological disease (2009)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19145234/)

[Kennedy L, Sheldon C, The role of DNA damage in neuronal dysfunction (2009)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20586829/)