Maria Stamelou, MD, PhD is a Greek neurologist and professor specializing in movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, with particular expertise in [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy) (PSP), [4R-tauopathies](/mechanisms/4r-tauopathy-mechanisms), and [atypical parkinsonism syndromes](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration). She is affiliated with the University of Crete Medical School in Heraklion, Greece, where she leads clinical research on PSP phenotypes, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies. Dr. Stamelou is internationally recognized for her pivotal role in developing the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) clinical diagnostic criteria for PSP and her contributions to understanding the clinical heterogeneity of 4R-tauopathies.
With over 197 publications indexed in PubMed, Dr. Stamelou has been instrumental in shaping the modern understanding of PSP and related disorders. Her leadership in the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for PSP and her centennial review marking 100 years since the disease's first description have established her as a global authority in atypical parkinsonism.
Maria Stamelou, MD, PhD is a Greek neurologist and professor specializing in movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, with particular expertise in [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy) (PSP), [4R-tauopathies](/mechanisms/4r-tauopathy-mechanisms), and [atypical parkinsonism syndromes](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration). She is affiliated with the University of Crete Medical School in Heraklion, Greece, where she leads clinical research on PSP phenotypes, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies. Dr. Stamelou is internationally recognized for her pivotal role in developing the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) clinical diagnostic criteria for PSP and her contributions to understanding the clinical heterogeneity of 4R-tauopathies.
With over 197 publications indexed in PubMed, Dr. Stamelou has been instrumental in shaping the modern understanding of PSP and related disorders. Her leadership in the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for PSP and her centennial review marking 100 years since the disease's first description have established her as a global authority in atypical parkinsonism.
Dr. Stamelou completed her medical training and doctoral studies in neurology in Greece, followed by specialized training in movement disorders at University College London (UCL) in the United Kingdom, where she worked in the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders under renowned movement disorder specialists. This training positioned her at the intersection of clinical neurology, neuropathology, and applied neuroscience, providing a foundation for her career-long focus on atypical parkinsonisms.
Following her time at UCL, Dr. Stamelou returned to Greece and established her research group at the University of Crete Medical School, which has become a regional and international reference center for PSP and related disorders. Her clinical practice bridges the gap between academic research and patient care, enabling her to translate laboratory findings into clinical applications.
Dr. Stamelou's primary research focus is on [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy), a 4R-tauopathy characterized by supranuclear gaze palsy, early postural instability with falls, and akinesia with cognitive decline. Her work spans the full spectrum from clinical characterization to molecular pathology and therapeutic development.
She has been instrumental in defining the clinical phenotypes of PSP, including the Richardson variant (classic PSP), PSP-Parkinsonism (PSP-P), PSP-Pure Akinesia with Gait Freezing (PSP-PAGF), PSP-Corticobasal Syndrome (PSP-CBS), and PSP with predominant cerebellar ataxia (PSP-C)[@stamelou2021review]. Her research has demonstrated that these phenotypes represent a continuum of disease severity rather than distinct entities, sharing underlying [tau protein](/proteins/tau-protein) pathology but with variable topographical involvement of the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cortex.
A central contribution has been her role in developing and validating the Movement Disorder Society criteria for the clinical diagnosis of PSP[@hoglinger2017psp][@stamelou2024criteria]. These criteria replaced the 1997 NINDS-SPSP criteria and introduced a four-level certainty framework (probable PSP, possible PSP, suggestive of PSP, and criteria for other neurodegenerative disorders), substantially improving early diagnostic sensitivity while maintaining specificity. The updated 2024 criteria further refined these boundaries based on accumulating evidence.
Her 2024 landmark review, "Progressive supranuclear palsy: 100 years on," in [The Lancet Neurology](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy) commemorated the centennial of John Steele's original description of the disease, synthesizing historical perspectives with modern molecular understanding[@stamelou2024centennial]. The review addressed how clinical concepts of PSP have evolved from a single disorder to a family of clinicopathological entities, and how [tau protein](/proteins/tau-protein) propagation mechanisms may explain the phenotypic diversity observed in clinical practice.
Her work on PSP diagnostic criteria represents landmark achievements:
Dr. Stamelou's research into [4R-tauopathies](/mechanisms/4r-tauopathy-mechanisms) encompasses the broader category of disorders characterized by predominant deposition of four microtubule binding repeat tau isoforms. This includes PSP, [Corticobasal Degeneration](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration) (CBD), and [Argyrophilic Grain Disease](/diseases/argyrophilic-grain-disease) (AGD), which share molecular mechanisms but differ clinically.
Her work has explored the relationship between [MAPT](/genes/mapt) gene mutations and phenotypic expression of 4R-tauopathies[@stamelou2021genotype]. Through systematic genotype-phenotype analyses, she has contributed to understanding how specific tau haplotypes and mutations influence age of onset, clinical presentation, and disease progression. This research has implications for genetic counseling and for understanding the selective vulnerability of specific neuronal populations in tauopathies.
Her genetic research includes:
Dr. Stamelou has made significant contributions to the classification and phenomenology of movement disorders beyond PSP. Her work on tremor classification with the MDS Task Force established consensus definitions for essential tremor, dystonic tremor, and functional tremor[@bhatia2018tremor], providing standardized diagnostic frameworks for clinical research and trials.
Her studies on apraxia of lid opening (ALO) in neurodegenerative disease identified brainstem involvement as a key pathophysiological substrate for this disabling oculomotor sign[@stamelou2012apraxia]. She has also investigated impaired predictive pursuit eye movements in PSP, demonstrating that disruption of predictive tracking begins early in the disease course and correlates with specific brainstem pathology[@stamelou2016eyemovements].
Dr. Stamelou has investigated cognitive profiles across the PSP spectrum, demonstrating that frontal-type cognitive impairment — including executive dysfunction, behavioral disinhibition, and slowed processing — is a core feature of PSP rather than a late complication[@stamelou2022cognitive]. Her neuroimaging work has used [18F]FDG-PET to quantify metabolic patterns characteristic of different PSP phenotypes, and she has employed automated MRI segmentation to quantify midbrain atrophy as a diagnostic biomarker[@stamelou2019imaging].
Her biomarker research has extended to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a surrogate marker of neuronal injury in PSP[@stamelou2023biomarkers]. Elevated CSF NfL levels correlate with disease severity and progression rate, providing a tool for patient stratification in clinical trials and for monitoring treatment response.
Dr. Stamelou has also contributed to understanding alpha-synucleinopathies:
While PSP is classified as a tauopathy, Dr. Stamelou has extensively studied its relationship to [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease) and other [synucleinopathies](/mechanisms/synucleinopathies). Her work with Obeso and colleagues on the 200th anniversary of Parkinson's disease reviewed the historical evolution of diagnostic boundaries between parkinsonian syndromes[@obeso2017parkinsons]. Her research on autonomic dysfunction in [Multiple System Atrophy](/diseases/multiple-system-atrophy) and the revised MDS diagnostic criteria for MSA[@wenning2022msa] reflects her broader expertise in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders.
She has also investigated the overlap between PSP and [behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia](/diseases/frontotemporal-dementia) (bvFTD), demonstrating that dysphagia and other bulbar symptoms occur frequently across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum and represent a convergent clinical sign of brainstem involvement[@stamelou2018bvftd].
Dr. Stamelou has been deeply involved in therapeutic development for PSP and atypical parkinsonisms. Her review work has assessed current symptomatic treatment strategies, including dopaminergic agents for parkinsonism, botulinum toxin for dystonia and spasticity, and physical therapy for falls and dysphagia[@stamelou2022treatment]. She has also reviewed emerging disease-modifying approaches, including anti-tau antibodies, tau aggregation inhibitors, and gene therapy strategies[@stamelou2021therapeutic].
Her expertise in clinical trial design and outcome measures has informed the development of endpoints for PSP trials. She has advocated for composite endpoints that capture the multidimensional nature of PSP disability, including motor, cognitive, and functional domains. Her work on stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases has provided a critical review of current status and future prospects[@stamelou2020stem].
Dr. Stamelou is an active member of the PROgressive SUPranuclear Palsy European Consortium (PROSPER), a pan-European research collaboration that harmonizes clinical data collection, biobanking, and genetic analyses across multiple centers. Through PROSPER and the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), she has contributed to the creation of a pan-European PSP patient registry that enables natural history studies, genetic epidemiology, and multicenter therapeutic trials.
Her collaboration with the MDS Task Force on Movement Disorder Phenomena has established consensus definitions for clinical signs and symptoms that facilitate standardization across international research sites. This standardization is critical for the reproducibility of clinical trials and for meta-analyses across patient cohorts.
In her clinical practice at the University of Crete Medical School, Dr. Stamelou manages patients across the full spectrum of atypical parkinsonisms, from early disease detection to advanced-stage symptom management. Her clinical expertise includes:
Dr. Stamelou provides specialized clinical care for:
She has served as principal investigator for:
Dr. Stamelou's contributions to clinical trial methodology for PSP and atypical parkinsonisms have shaped the field's approach to therapeutic development. Her work has addressed several critical methodological challenges specific to these rapidly progressive disorders.
The heterogeneous clinical presentations of PSP subtypes create challenges for designing clinical trials with appropriate endpoints. Dr. Stamelou has advocated for multidimensional composite endpoints that capture the range of disability experienced by PSP patients. Traditional unified Parkinson's disease rating scales (UPDRS/MDS-UPDRS) were developed for PD and do not adequately capture PSP-specific deficits — particularly vertical gaze palsy, early cognitive decline, and axial rigidity.
Her work has evaluated the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) as a PSP-specific instrument, demonstrating its sensitivity to disease progression over 12 months. She has also investigated imaging endpoints including midbrain atrophy on MRI (measured by midbrain-to-pons ratio), [18F]FDG-PET hypometabolism patterns, and diffusion tensor imaging metrics of white matter integrity.
Clinical trials for PSP face the challenge of recruiting patients early enough in the disease course to be responsive to intervention, but early diagnosis remains difficult. Dr. Stamelou's research on prodromal PSP — individuals with subtle signs who later develop classic PSP — has informed biomarker-based approaches to patient identification. She has explored the use of CSF NfL levels, genetic markers ([MAPT](/genes/mapt) haplotypes), and imaging signs to enrich trial populations for patients with the highest probability of PSP pathology.
Her 2023 biomarker research[@stamelou2023biomarkers] demonstrated that while CSF NfL elevation is not specific to PSP, it correlates with disease aggressiveness and may help stratify patients by predicted progression rate. Faster-progressing patients may be more appropriate for trials of aggressive disease-modifying therapies, while slower-progressing patients may benefit from earlier intervention with lower-risk agents.
Dr. Stamelou's mechanistic research has identified several therapeutic targets for PSP and related 4R-tauopathies:
Dr. Stamelou has compared the effectiveness of symptomatic treatments across PSP phenotypes. Levodopa responsiveness is characteristically poor in PSP (unlike in PD), but some patients — particularly those with PSP-P subtype — may experience modest short-term benefit. Her clinical studies have documented that even transient responsiveness to levodopa does not predict a PD diagnosis and should not be used to exclude PSP.
Dr. Stamelou's research on oculomotor function in PSP has yielded practical clinical tools. Vertical saccade velocity and accuracy can be assessed at the bedside with minimal equipment and provide high specificity for PSP diagnosis. Her studies have shown that:
| Year | Contribution | Impact |
|------|-------------|--------|
| 2013 | Diagnostic guide for atypical parkinsonism | Established framework for distinguishing PSP subtypes from mimics[@stamelou2013atypical] |
| 2017 | MDS Criteria for PSP clinical diagnosis | Replaced 1997 criteria, improved early diagnostic sensitivity[@hoglinger2017psp] |
| 2018 | MDS Consensus on tremor classification | Standardized definitions for clinical research[@bhatia2018tremor] |
| 2019 | Midbrain atrophy quantification | Automated MRI biomarker for PSP[@kubler2019imaging] |
| 2021 | Genotype-phenotype relations in atypical parkinsonisms | MDSGene systematic review[@stamelou2021genotype] |
| 2021 | Evolving concepts in 4R-tauopathies | Comprehensive review of PSP disease spectrum[@stamelou2021review] |
| 2022 | Frontal cognitive impairment in PSP | [18F]FDG-PET characterization[@stamelou2022cognitive] |
| 2024 | MDS criteria for PSP (updated) | Refined diagnostic framework[@stamelou2024criteria] |
| 2024 | PSP: 100 years on | Landmark centennial review[@stamelou2024centennial] |
| 2025 | 17q21.31 Genetics | Novel risk loci through CNV analysis[@stamelou2024pspgenetics] |
| 2025 | p.A53T Immune Patterns | Characterized immune alterations in genetic synucleinopathy[@stamelou2025p53t] |
| 2025 | p.A53T PPMI Study | Longitudinal comparison of genetic vs idiopathic PD[@stamelou2025ppmi] |
| 2025 | SCA27B | Characterized this treatable ataxia syndrome[@metridis2025ataxia] |
| 2026 | ATP1A3 Spectrum | Comprehensive analysis of movement disorder phenotypes[@stamelou2026atp1a3] |
Dr. Stamelou has supervised numerous doctoral students, clinical research fellows, and visiting scholars at the University of Crete Medical School. Her mentorship has produced researchers who now lead PSP programs in other European centers. She has contributed to teaching modules on movement disorders for the European Academy of Neurology and has been invited to lecture at major international conferences including the MDS International Congress, the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, and the International Conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases (AD/PD).
As a Professor at University of Crete Medical School, Dr. Stamelou contributes to:
Dr. Stamelou actively collaborates in international consortia:
Beyond the MDS diagnostic criteria for PSP and MSA, Dr. Stamelou has contributed to several international clinical practice guidelines:
Dr. Stamelou's research has been supported by grants from the European Commission (Horizon 2020, Horizon Europe), the Greek General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and the PSP Association (UK). Her participation in the PROSPER consortium and ERN-RND provides access to European infrastructure funding for registry maintenance and data sharing.
Dr. Stamelou's key collaborators span multiple continents:
The University of Crete Medical School's movement disorder clinic serves as the primary referral center for PSP and atypical parkinsonisms in southern Greece, drawing patients from Crete, the Aegean islands, and parts of the Peloponnese. Dr. Stamelou's clinic provides: