{"artifact":{"id":"paper-fig-dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611-8","artifact_type":"paper_figure","entity_ids":"[]","title":"Figure 8: Summary of the mechanisms of ferroptosis in ALS and ferroptosis as a therapeutic...","quality_score":0.5,"created_by":"paper_figures_pipeline","provenance_chain":"[{\"source\": \"paper\", \"paper_id\": \"dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611\", \"relation\": \"extracted_from\"}]","content_hash":"3c58d5b1d998d4a6fdaa5b48c652cd6e1f4ff70c296cf92866eddeb4036ccddc","metadata":{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1683876","pmcid":"PMC12714665","_origin":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/articles/PMC12714665/bin/fimmu-16-1683876-g008.jpg","type":"external","tracked_at":"2026-04-27T12:03:56.650416"},"caption":"Summary of the mechanisms of ferroptosis in ALS and ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for ALS. Riluzole, a glutamate antagonist, alleviates mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition in ALS by preventing Ca² +  overload and suppressing excitotoxic damage to motor neurons. Edaravone (EDA) inhibits ferroptosis under Cys deficiency and Xc − /GPX4 suppression. SPY1 reduces lipid peroxidation (LPO) and inhibits ferroptosis by upregulating the GCH1/BH4 axis and downregulating abnormally elevated TfR1 expression. Within endosomes, Fe³ +  is reduced to Fe² +  and transported into the cytosol via DMT1, increasing the risk of LIP formation and ferroptosis induction. Conversely, Fpn1 helps maintain intracellular Fe² +  homeostasis by exporting excess Fe² +  from the cell. ABAH, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; Ca² + , calcium ion; DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; EDA, edaravone; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Fer-1, ferrostatin-1; Fe² + /Fe³ + , ferrous/f","paper_id":"dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611","image_url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/articles/PMC12714665/bin/fimmu-16-1683876-g008.jpg","image_path":"","description":"","figure_label":"Figure 8","figure_number":8,"_schema_version":1,"source_strategy":"pmc_api","entities_mentioned":""},"created_at":"2026-04-27T05:03:56.650554-07:00","updated_at":"2026-04-27T05:03:56.650554-07:00","version_number":4,"parent_version_id":null,"version_tag":null,"changelog":null,"is_latest":1,"lifecycle_state":"active","superseded_by":null,"deprecated_at":null,"deprecated_reason":null,"dependencies":null,"market_price":0.5,"origin_type":"external","origin_url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/articles/PMC12714665/bin/fimmu-16-1683876-g008.jpg","lifecycle_changed_at":null,"citation_count":0,"embed_count":0,"derivation_count":0,"support_count":0,"contradiction_count":0,"total_usage":0.0,"usage_score":0.5,"usage_computed_at":null,"quality_status":null,"contributors":[],"answers_question_ids":null,"deprecated_reason_detail":null,"deprecated_reason_code":null,"commit_sha":null,"commit_submodule":null,"last_mutated_at":"2026-05-16T14:51:34.657673-07:00","disputed_at":null,"gap_id":null,"mission_id":null,"intrinsic_priority":null,"effective_priority":null,"artifact_id":"0de61611-cdce-4023-ad6b-6ee8f9a7e928","artifact_dir":null,"primary_filename":null,"accessory_filenames":null,"folder_layout_version":1,"migrated_to_folder_at":null,"hypothesis_id":null,"authorship":{"kind":"human","contributors":[{"role":"author","actor_ref":"paper_figures_pipeline"}]},"epistemic_tier":"T3_provisional","created_by_agent_id":null},"outgoing_links":[],"incoming_links":[],"current_artifact_id":"paper-fig-dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611-8","is_canonical":true,"supersede_chain":["paper-fig-dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611-8"]}