Extended Data Fig. 1: Effectiveness and safety of OSK reprogramming. a , Experimental outline for test...

Effectiveness and safety of OSK reprogramming. a , Experimental outline for testing the effects of OSKM and OSK on gene expression in fibroblasts from young and old transgenic (TG) mice. b and c , Expression of OSKM ( b , R26 rtTA ; Col1a1 OSKM , n = 3 biological replicates each condition) and OSK ( c , R26 rtTA ; Col1a1 OKS-mCherry , n = 3 and 8 biological replicates) rescue age-associated transcriptional changes without inducing Nanog mRNA. mo, month(s). qPCR primers are in Supplementary Table 7 . d , AAV-ubiquitinC (UbC)-rtTA and AAV-TRE-Luc vectors for measuring tissue distribution. e , Luciferase imaging of WT mice 2 mo after intravenous injection (retro-orbital) of AAV9-UbC-rtTA;TRE-Luc (1.0 × 10 12 gene copies total). Doxycycline (Dox) was delivered in drinking water (1 mg/mL) for 7 days to +Dox mice. f , Luciferase imaging of the eye (Ey), brain (Br), pituitary gland (Pi), heart (He), thymus (Th), lung (Lu), liver (Li), kidney (Ki), spleen (Sp), pancreas (Pa), testis (T

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