From geroscience to precision geromedicine: Understanding and managing aging.

1. Cell. 2025 Apr 17;188(8):2043-2062. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.011. From geroscience to precision geromedicine: Understanding and managing aging. Kroemer G(1), Maier AB(2), Cuervo AM(3), Gladyshev VN(4), Ferrucci L(5), Gorbunova V(6), Kennedy BK(7), Rando TA(8), Seluanov A(6), Sierra F(9), Verdin E(10), López-Otín C(11). Author information: (1)Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. Electronic address: kroemer@orange.fr. (2)Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; NUS Academy for Healthy Longevity, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. (3)Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. (4)Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (5)Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA. (6)Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. (7)Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. (8)Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (9)Hevolution Foundation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (10)Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. (11)Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: clo@uniovi.es. Major progress has been made in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and supracellular mechanisms underlying aging. This has spurred the birth of geroscience, which aims to identify actionable hallmarks of aging. Aging can be viewed as a process that is promoted by overactivation of gerogenes, i.e., genes and molecular pathways that favor biological aging, and alternatively slowed down by gerosuppressors, much as cancers are caused by the activation of oncogenes and prevented by tumor suppressors. Such gerogenes and gerosuppressors are often associated with age-related diseases in human population studies but also offer targets for modeling age-related diseases in animal models and treating or preventing such diseases in humans. Gerogenes and gerosuppressors interact with environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors to determine the heterogeneous trajectory of biological aging and disease manifestation. New molecular profiling technologies enable the characterization of gerogenic and gerosuppressive pathways, which serve as biomarkers of aging, hence inaugurating the era of precision geromedicine. It is anticipated that, pending results from randomized clinical trials and regulatory approval, gerotherapeutics will be tailored to each person based on their genetic profile, high-dimensional omics-based biomarkers of aging, clinical and digital biomarkers of aging, psychosocial profile, and past or present exposures. Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.011 PMCID: PMC12037106 PMID: 40250404 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of interests G.K. holds research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sutro, Tollys, and Vascage; is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France; is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, and Therafast Bio; is on the scientific advisory boards of Centenara Labs (formerly Rejuveron Life Sciences), Hevolution, and Institut Servier; and is the inventor of patents cov