Contents

Speech and Voice Disorders in PSP

Disease Info

Hypophonia	significantly reduced vocal loudness, often requiring the patient to be reminded to speak louder
Monotonous pitch	flat intonation with reduced pitch variation
Articulatory imprecision	fuzzy or slurred consonants, particularly plosives and fricatives
Phonatory insufficiency	breathy, rough voice quality
Articulatory groping	searching movements of the lips and tongue during speech initiation
Inconsistent phonemic errors	variable pronunciation of the same word
Lengthened phoneme duration	prolonged consonant and vowel sounds
Dysprosody	abnormal stress patterns and rhythm
Substantia nigra pars compacta	dopaminergic dysfunction affecting speech motor planning
Periaqueductal gray	midbrain region involved in vocalization control
Pontine and medullary speech nuclei	direct involvement of cranial nerve nuclei governing speech musculature
Reticular formation	disruption of arousal and attention systems necessary for speech initiation
Databases	OMIM Orphanet ClinicalTrials PubMed

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