Validation experiment designed to validate causal mechanisms targeting N/A in 5×FAD transgenic mice. Primary outcome: learning and spatial memory deficits
This comprehensive study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide (PH-PS) in 5×FAD transgenic mice, a well-established animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The experiment examined multiple endpoints including cognitive function, neuropathology, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiome changes. Researchers characterized the PH-PS extract (molecular weight 8.771 kDa, composed of 57.78% glucose, 41.52% galactose, and 0.70% arabinose) and administered it to 5×FAD mice. The study employed behavioral testing to assess learning and spatial memory, histological analysis to evaluate amyloid β plaque burden and glial activation, 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiome composition, and molecular analyses to examine inflammatory markers and amyloid-degrading enzymes. The research demonstrated that PH-PS treatment improved cognitive deficits, reduced amyloid pathology, modulated microglial and astrocytic polarization from pro-inflammatory (M1/A1) to anti-inflammatory (M2/A2) phenotypes, restored intestinal barrier function, and promoted beneficial gut bacteria while suppressing harmful inflammatory bacteria.
Treatment with PH-PS, behavioral testing, histological analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, cytokine measurement, immunohistochemistry for glial markers and amyloid plaques
Improved cognitive function, reduced amyloid pathology, decreased neuroinflammation, restored gut microbiome balance
Ameliorated memory deficits, reduced amyloid β build-up, suppressed reactive glia and astrocytes, improved gut microbiota composition
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