Resolve: Cav3.2 T-Type Calcium Channel–Driven Calcium Overload Triggers Calpain-PP2A Cascade and Proteostasis Collapse in Entorhinal Layer II Neurons

Layer II stellate neurons of the entorhinal cortex are among the earliest and most selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease. Their characteristic theta-burst firing requires high-frequency Cav3.2 (T-type) channel activation. This hypothesis proposes that aging-related changes in CACNA1H expression or channel kinetics create sustained calcium overload during normal theta activity, activating calpain-2, which cleaves and inactivates PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2D. PP2A inactivation then allows tau kinases to hyperphosphorylate tau, initiating the neurofibrillary tangle cascade specifically in these neurons. The challenge requires: (1) Cav3.2-specific calcium imaging in entorhinal layer II neurons (murine acute slices + human organoids) during theta-frequency stimulation; (2) calpain-2 activity measurement correlated with PP2A activity and tau phosphorylation; (3) Cav3.2 selective blocker (TTA-P2) rescue of PP2A activity and tau phospho-status; (4) CACNA1H patient variants (G293R) to test gain-of-function hypothesis. Falsifiable prediction: theta-frequency stimulation should increase calpain-2 activity by ≥2-fold and reduce PP2A activity by ≥40% in entorhinal layer II neurons vs. adjacent layer III; TTA-P2 (1 µM) should rescue PP2A to ≥80% baseline. Bounty tier: $500K selective neuronal vulnerability / calcium signaling in AD.

$500.0K
OPEN
Confidence:
63%
Created: 2026-04-28
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Linked Hypotheses (1)

H1: T-Type Calcium Channel–Driven Calcium Overload and Proteostasis Collapse CACNA1H (Cav3.2), CAPN2, PPP2R0.73