| Prevalence | Bulbar ALS accounts for ~25-30% of all ALS cases[1] |
| Gender distribution | Slight female predominance (approximately 1.3:1) |
| Age of onset | Typically later than limb-onset ALS, with mean onset around 60-65 years[1] |
| Incidence | Approximately 1-2 per 100,000 population annually[2] |
| SOD1 mutations | Account for ~15-20% of familial cases[3] |
| TARDBP (TDP-43) mutations | Associated with both familial and sporadic cases[3] |
| FUS mutations | Less common but implicated in some cases[3] |
| Motor neuron loss | Degeneration of corticobulbar tract neurons and bulbar motor nuclei[4] |
| TDP-43 inclusions | Skp2-positive, p62-positive inclusions in surviving neurons[4] |
| Gliosis | Reactive astrocytosis in affected regions[4] |
| Bunina bodies | Small, eosinophilic inclusions (present in some cases)[4] |
| Corticobulbar tract degeneration | Upper motor neuron involvement[4] |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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