| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | The most common cause, disrupting arachnoid granulation function |
| Traumatic brain injury | Post-traumatic CSF dynamics impairment |
| Meningitis | Inflammatory damage to CSF absorption pathways |
| Brain tumors | Mechanical obstruction or altered CSF dynamics |
| Previous neurosurgery | Post-operative adhesions affecting CSF flow |
| Impaired CSF absorption | Reduced clearance through arachnoid villi leads to gradual ventricular enlargement |
| Altered CSF pulsatility | Increased ventricular pulse pressure transmits mechanical stress to periventricular white matter |
| Retrograde transependymal CSF flow | CSF migration into periventricular tissue causes edema and white-matter damage |
| Cerebral blood flow reduction | Compressed periventricular capillaries lead to chronic ischemia |
| Reduced intracranial compliance | Loss of the normal buffering capacity of the craniospinal system |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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