| Thyroid Disease | Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are common |
| Vitiligo | Present in 10-15% of cases |
| Pernicious Anemia | Associated in 5-10% of cases |
| Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome | Multiple autoimmune conditions may co-occur |
| Breast Cancer | Most common associated tumor in women |
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | Strongly associated with anti-amphiphysin antibodies |
| Thymoma | Associated with anti-GAD and anti-amphiphysin antibodies |
| Hodgkin Lymphoma | Rare but documented association |
| Motor Cortex Hyperactivity | fMRI shows increased activation in primary motor cortex during spasms |
| Brainstem Dysfunction | Altered brainstem reflex excitability |
| Thalamic Abnormalities | Changed thalamic processing of sensory input |
| Gray Matter Changes | Some studies show reduced gray matter volume in sensorimotor regions |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |