| Schneider et al. (2007) | In the Rush Memory and Aging Project, among community-dwelling older persons with dementia, only 30% had pure AD pathology; 38% had AD with cerebral infarcts, and 12% had AD with Lewy body disease |
| The 90+ Study | In the oldest-old, multiple pathological diagnoses occurred in 45% of those with dementia versus 14% without dementia |
| ROSMAP Cohort | Among persons clinically diagnosed with probable AD, nearly 90% had pathologically confirmed ADNC, but almost half had mixed pathologies. Pure pathologic AD accounted for less than 10% of cases |
| Metabolic reserve reduction | Cerebrovascular disease reduces the brain's metabolic reserve, lowering the threshold at which amyloid and tau] burdens produce clinical symptoms |
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | Present in ~90% of AD cases, compromising the blood-brain barrier |
| Shared risk factors | Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia operate on both pathways |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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