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Figure 5: Summary of the mechanisms of ferroptosis in PD. Activation of microglia and astr...
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Figure 5Figure 5
Summary of the mechanisms of ferroptosis in PD. Activation of microglia and astrocytes upregulates DMT1 and downregulates FPN1, leading to iron accumulation in neurons. In contrast, activated astrocytes secrete BDNF and GDNF, which downregulate DMT1 expression and reduce neuronal iron accumulation. Additionally, ROS released by activated microglia promote oxidative stress in neurons. Upregulation of Nrf2 and the release of metallothioneins in astrocytes help protect neurons against oxidative damage. DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; FPN1, ferroportin 1; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
▸Metadata
| doi | 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1683876 |
| pmcid | PMC12714665 |
| _origin | {'url': 'https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/articles/PMC12714665/bin/fimmu-16-1683876-g005.jpg', 'type': 'external', 'tracked_at': '2026-04-27T12:03:56.456664'} |
| caption | Summary of the mechanisms of ferroptosis in PD. Activation of microglia and astrocytes upregulates DMT1 and downregulates FPN1, leading to iron accumulation in neurons. In contrast, activated astrocyt |
| paper_id | dabb5fb4-3d6c-460d-af8c-b4e1f8896611 |
| image_url | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/articles/PMC12714665/bin/fimmu-16-1683876-g005.jpg |
| image_path | |
| description | |
| figure_label | Figure 5 |
| figure_number | 5 |
| _schema_version | 1 |
| source_strategy | pmc_api |
| entities_mentioned |
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