| Vascular basis | Cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular lesions, including white matter lesions and hemorrhages |
| Stepwise progression | Characteristic pattern of sudden cognitive declines following each new vascular event |
| Focal neurological signs | Often presents with motor symptoms, gait disturbances, and urinary symptoms |
| Risk factors | Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke |
| [Diabetes](/diseases/type-2-diabetes) | Poorly controlled blood sugar levels damage blood vessels |
| Hyperlipidemia | High cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis |
| Smoking | Damages blood vessel endothelial cells and promotes atherosclerosis |
| Obesity | Especially central adiposity increases cardiovascular risk |
| Atrial Fibrillation | Irregular heart rhythm increases stroke risk |
| Sedentary Lifestyle | Lack of physical activity contributes to vascular risk |
| Poor Diet | High sodium and saturated fat intake |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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