Alterations in sleep and the biological clock in mood disorders: State of the art and therapeutic approaches.

Sleep disorders such as insomnia, hypersomnolence, nightmares and circadian rhythm disorders play a critical role across all stages of mood disorders, including Chronos syndrome, and are recognized as significant risk factors for their onset, relapse, and recurrence. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of sleep or circadian disruptions with mood disturbances may represent a more severe and distinct clinical phenotype, likely associated with a poorer prognosis than when ea...