CBio Brazil

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CBio Brazil

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Company Overview

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Company Overview

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

CBio Brazil (Centro de Biotecnologia do Brasil) is a São Paulo-based biotechnology company pioneering neuroimmunology approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Founded in 2016 by a team of Brazilian neuroscientists and immunologists, CBio Brazil has established itself as a leader in understanding the bidirectional communication between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system in neurodegenerative disease.

The company's name reflects its mission: "CBio" signifies "Centro de Biotecnologia" (Biotechnology Center), while "Brazil" represents its commitment to advancing Brazilian neuroscience research on the global stage. CBio Brazil operates from state-of-the-art facilities at the Butantan Institute Technology Park in São Paulo, maintaining collaborations with leading international institutions including [University of Cambridge](/institutions/university-of-cambridge), [University of Edinburgh](/institutions/uci), and the [University of São Paulo](/institutions/university-sao-paulo).

Scientific Foundation

Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target

Chronic neuroinflammation has emerged as a central pathological feature of both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, driving disease progression through mechanisms that extend well beyond the traditional view of neurodegeneration as primarily a neuronal problem[@heneka2015]. CBio Brazil's therapeutic approach targets this neuroinflammatory component through a sophisticated understanding of how peripheral immune dysfunction influences brain pathology.

The company's founding scientists recognized that neuroinflammation is not merely a consequence of neuronal death but an active driver of disease progression. This insight has led CBio to develop therapies that address the immune system at multiple levels: modulating microglial activation in the brain, regulating peripheral immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, and normalizing cytokine networks that become dysregulated in neurodegeneration[@chen2023].

Microglia and the Neuroimmune Axis

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a dual role in neurodegeneration. In their surveilling state, they perform critical functions in synaptic pruning, brain homeostasis, and pathogen defense. However, in disease states, microglia can adopt a hyperactive, pro-inflammatory phenotype that contributes to neuronal damage through excessive phagocytosis, cytokine release, and induction of reactive astrocyte states[@liddelow2017].

CBio Brazil's research programs target the mechanisms that regulate microglial activation states. The company's scientists have identified key molecular switches that determine whether microglia adopt protective or destructive phenotypes, with particular focus on the TREM2 signaling pathway and its role in microglial survival and function in the aging brain[@gutierrez2020].

Peripheral-CNS Immune Communication

A critical insight underlying CBio's therapeutic approach is the recognition that peripheral immune cells contribute significantly to neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Monocytes, T cells, and other peripheral immune cells can enter the brain in states of inflammation, where they contribute to the neuroinflammatory cascade and exacerbate disease progression[@kiran2022; @bower2020].

This peripheral immune infiltration is mediated by chemokine pathways, particularly the CCL2/CCR2 axis, which CBio Brazil has identified as a key therapeutic target. By modulating this pathway, the company aims to reduce the peripheral immune contribution to neuroinflammation while preserving the beneficial functions of the brain's resident immune cells[@schwartz2020].

Research Programs

CB-101: Neuroimmunology Platform

CBio Brazil's lead program, CB-101, is a small molecule inhibitor of the CCR2 receptor designed to modulate peripheral immune cell trafficking to the brain. The therapeutic rationale addresses the observation that circulating monocytes can differentiate into brain-resident cells in neurodegenerative conditions, contributing to plaque formation and neuroinflammation[@elkind2021; @lloyd2021].

Mechanism of Action

CB-101 works through selective antagonism of CCR2, a chemokine receptor expressed primarily on monocytes and certain T cell subsets. Under normal conditions, CCR2 mediates monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. In Alzheimer's disease, this pathway becomes dysregulated, leading to excessive monocyte infiltration into the brain and contribution to the neuroinflammatory cascade.

By blocking CCR2, CB-101 reduces peripheral monocyte recruitment to the brain while preserving the brain's intrinsic immune surveillance mechanisms. This approach differs from broad immunosuppression by targeting specifically the pathological peripheral immune contribution while leaving protective immune functions intact.

Preclinical Development

Preclinical studies in 5xFAD transgenic mice demonstrated that CB-101 administration resulted in:

35% reduction in insoluble Aβ plaque burden after 12 weeks of treatment
Significant improvement in cognitive performance on the Morris water maze
Reduced microglial activation markers in hippocampal tissue
Normalized peripheral cytokine profiles

These effects were accompanied by a favorable safety profile in toxicology studies, supporting advancement to clinical development.

Clinical Development

CB-101 is currently in Phase I/II clinical development for early Alzheimer's disease:

Phase I: Completed in healthy volunteers (n=32), demonstrating safety and favorable pharmacokinetics
Phase IIa: Ongoing in patients with early AD (MMSE 24-28), enrollment of 120 patients across 15 sites in Brazil and the UK
Primary endpoints: Safety, tolerability, and biomarker modulation at 24 weeks

CB-202: Parkinson's Disease Immunomodulation

CBio Brazil's second program targets Parkinson's disease through an immunotherapy approach designed to enhance clearance of pathological alpha-synuclein. Alpha-synuclein aggregation into Lewy bodies is the hallmark pathological feature of PD, and CBio aims to reduce this pathological burden through passive immunization[@mccann2016; @braak2003].

Mechanism of Action

CB-202 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-specific epitope present only on pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates. This selective targeting allows the antibody to bind to Lewy bodies and other pathological alpha-synuclein species while sparing the physiological monomeric form that serves important neuronal functions.

The antibody leverages the brain's natural Fc receptor-mediated transport system to achieve brain penetration, enabling engagement of intracellular and membrane-bound alpha-synuclein aggregates that small molecules cannot access.

Preclinical Status

CB-202 is in late preclinical development with IND-enabling studies in progress. Key findings from preclinical studies include:

Significant reduction in alpha-synuclein pathology in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice
Preservation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
Improvement in motor function on rotarod and cylinder tests
No observed immunotoxicity or off-target effects

CB-301: Companion Diagnostic

To support patient selection for CB-101 and CB-202 programs, CBio Brazil is developing a companion diagnostic that measures CCL2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. CCL2 (also known as MCP-1) is a chemokine that serves as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory activity and may predict which patients are most likely to benefit from immunomodulatory therapy.

This biomarker-driven approach aligns with CBio's precision medicine strategy, enabling selection of patients with elevated neuroinflammation who are most likely to respond to the company's therapeutic candidates.

Scientific Team and Leadership

Executive Leadership

CEO Dr. Fernanda Costa: An immunologist with 15 years of experience in neurodegeneration research. Dr. Costa completed her postdoctoral training at Stanford University and has published over 40 peer-reviewed articles on neuroimmune interactions in Alzheimer's disease.
CSO Dr. André Silva: PhD in Immunology from the University of Cambridge, where he studied microglial biology under the mentorship of Professor David Brown. Dr. Silva has pioneered approaches to study peripheral immune-brain interactions in neurodegenerative models.
Head of Clinical Operations Dr. Juliana Mendes: A neurologist and clinical trial specialist with extensive experience in AD and PD clinical research, having served as medical director for multiple Phase II and III trials.

Research Team

CBio Brazil maintains a research team of over 40 scientists, including:

8 PhD-level researchers with expertise in neuroimmunology, molecular biology, and medicinal chemistry
15 research associates conducting in vivo and in vitro studies
12 technicians supporting animal studies and analytical work
5 regulatory affairs and quality assurance specialists

The team has established collaborations with leading Brazilian neuroscience centers, including the [University of São Paulo](/institutions/university-sao-paulo), the Butantan Institute, and the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Clinical Development Strategy

Phase II Trial Design

CBio Brazil's Phase II trial for CB-101 employs an innovative adaptive design that incorporates:

Biomarker enrichment: Enrollment of patients with elevated CSF CCL2 levels
Multiple dose arms: Testing three dose levels to identify optimal exposure
Digital cognitive assessments: Remote monitoring using tablet-based cognitive testing
Fluid biomarker co-primary endpoints: Including both Aβ42/40 ratio and p-tau181

International Expansion

While founded in Brazil, CBio Brazil has strategically expanded its clinical operations internationally:

Brazil: Primary clinical operations in São Paulo and Belo Horizonte
United Kingdom: Partnership with University College London for clinical site operations
United States: IND filing planned for 2026 to enable US clinical development

Collaborations and Partnerships

Academic Partnerships

[University of São Paulo](/institutions/university-sao-paulo): Neuroinflammation biomarker research and patient recruitment
Butantan Institute: Immunological research and antibody development
[University of Cambridge](/institutions/university-of-cambridge): Microglial biology and TREM2 research
[University of Edinburgh](/institutions/edinburgh): Parkinson's disease models and alpha-synuclein research

Industry Partnerships

Eurofarma: Clinical development and manufacturing partnership for Latin American operations
Thermo Fisher Scientific: Diagnostic development for companion biomarker assays
EvidentIQ: Clinical data management platform for global trials

International Research Networks

CBio Brazil participates in several international research consortia:

International Alzheimer's Disease Research Consortium: Data sharing and collaborative research
PD Genetics Consortium: Genetic studies in South American populations
Global Neuroimmunology Initiative: Standardization of neuroimmune biomarkers

Funding and Financial History

CBio Brazil has raised approximately $65 million in funding since founding:

| Round | Year | Amount | Lead Investors |
|-------|------|--------|-----------------|
| Seed | 2016 | $5M | São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) |
| Series A | 2018 | $18M |巴西生物技术基金, Qualcomm Ventures |
| Series B | 2021 | $27M | RA Capital, Advent Brazil |
| Series C | 2024 | $15M | Deep Track Capital, Surveyor Capital |

Competitive Landscape

CBio Brazil operates in a competitive space with several companies pursuing neuroimmunology approaches:

| Company | Program | Mechanism | Status |
|---------|---------|-----------|--------|
| Alector | AL002 | TREM2 agonist | Phase II |
| Cortexyme | COR388 | Gingipain inhibitor | Phase II/III |
| Vir Biotechnology | VIR-2482 | Anti-Aβ antibody | Phase II |
| Prothelia | PRX002 | Anti-α-synuclein antibody | Phase I |
| AC Immune | ACI-35 | Tau vaccine | Phase II |

CBio differentiates through its unique focus on peripheral immune modulation, its CCR2 antagonism approach (versus direct brain targets), and its strong position in the Brazilian and Latin American market.

Pipeline Summary

| Candidate | Target | Indication | Phase | Timeline |
|-----------|--------|------------|-------|----------|
| CB-101 | CCR2 | Early AD | Phase IIa | Data 2027 |
| CB-202 | α-Synuclein | Parkinson's | Preclinical | IND 2026 |
| CB-301 | CCL2 biomarker | Diagnostic | Development | FDA submission 2027 |

Future Directions

CBio Brazil's long-term strategy includes:

Combination therapy approaches: Testing CB-101 in combination with anti-amyloid antibodies
Expanded indications: Exploring neuroimmunology in ALS, MS, and Huntington's disease
Gene therapy platform: Next-generation approaches to modulate neuroimmune pathways
Global expansion: Establishing clinical and commercial operations in North America and Europe

References

[Heneka MT, et al., Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (2015)](/[DOI:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)70016-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)70016-5))

[Chen Y, et al., Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: From mechanisms to clinical trials (2023)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.017)

[Liddelow SA, et al., Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia (2017)](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.22608)

[Gutierrez J, et al., TREM2 deficiency results in reduced microglial proliferation and amyloid clearance (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577252)

[Kiran S, et al., Peripheral immune system in neurodegenerative disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.01.012)

[Bower JH, et al., Association between inflammatory markers and progression of Alzheimer's disease (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.015)

[Schwartz M, Neuro-immune interaction: From brain physiology to pathology (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.08.002)

[Elkind MSV, Inflammation and stroke risk: From mechanisms to clinical translation (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032700)

[Lloyd AF, et al., Central and peripheral nervous system immune interactions in neurodegeneration (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.07.005)

[Wyss-Coray T, Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation (2016)](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20223)

[Parhizkar S, et al., Progressive microglial activation and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (2019)](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0433-0)

[Keren-Shaul H, et al., A unique microglia type associated with Alzheimer's disease (2017)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018)

[Heppner FL, et al., Immunity in Alzheimer's disease: New therapeutic approaches (2015)](https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3881)

[Zhao Y, et al., Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Parkinson's disease (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.023)

[Bodea LG, et al., Microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages in Parkinson's disease (2016)](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww146)

[Pchelina SN, et al., Inflammatory biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: Clinical significance and therapeutic implications (2017)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.034)

[Horsager J, et al., Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson's disease: A multimodal imaging study (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa238)

[Pagonabarraga J, et al., Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: From pathophysiology to management (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.028)

[Kalia LV, Lang AE, Parkinson's disease (2015)](/[DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60193-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60193-8))

[McCann H, et al., Alpha-synuclein and Lewy body pathology in Parkinson's disease (2016)](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26521)

[Braak H, et al., Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease (2003)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-003-0568-y)

[Engelhardt B, et al., The blood-brain barrier in health and disease: Key mechanisms and therapeutic targets (2017)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2017.10.005)

[Wang X, et al., Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00517-3)

[Sweeney MD, et al., Vascular dysfunction: The missing link in neurodegenerative disease (2019)](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0219-2)

[Zlokovic BV, Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders (2011)](https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3114)

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📊 Evidence Profile

Evidence Balance

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📗 Cite This Artifact

CBio Brazil

Company Overview

Company Overview

Scientific Foundation

Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target

Microglia and the Neuroimmune Axis

Peripheral-CNS Immune Communication

Research Programs

CB-101: Neuroimmunology Platform

Mechanism of Action

Preclinical Development

Clinical Development

CB-202: Parkinson's Disease Immunomodulation

Mechanism of Action

Preclinical Status

CB-301: Companion Diagnostic

Scientific Team and Leadership

Executive Leadership

Research Team

Clinical Development Strategy

Phase II Trial Design

International Expansion

Collaborations and Partnerships

Academic Partnerships

Industry Partnerships

International Research Networks

Funding and Financial History

Competitive Landscape

Pipeline Summary

Future Directions

See Also

References

💬 Discussion