Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscillations via cholecystokinin interneuron neuromodulation in Alzheimer's disease

h-var-a4975bdd96

## Mechanistic Overview The molecular foundation of this therapeutic approach centers on the distinctive electrophysiological and neurochemical properties of cholecystokinin-positive (CCK) interneurons within the hippocampal circuitry. CCK interneurons express the CCK gene, which encodes the cholecystokinin neuropeptide, a 33-amino acid peptide that functions both as a neurotransmitter and neurom