LAMTOR1 — Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor 1
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<div class="infobox-header">LAMTOR1</div>
Overview
flowchart TD
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Fibrosis["Fibrosis"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Hepatitis["Hepatitis"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Cancer["Cancer"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Cirrhosis["Cirrhosis"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Ms["Ms"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Liver_Cancer["Liver Cancer"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Fatty_Liver["Fatty Liver"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"activates"| Cancer["Cancer"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| MTOR["MTOR"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"therapeutic target"| AMPK["AMPK"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"activates"| Autophagy["Autophagy"]
LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"] -->|"activates"| Mapk["Mapk"]
h_e3a48208["h-e3a48208"] -->|"targets gene"| LAMTOR1["LAMTOR1"]
style LAMTOR1 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
...LAMTOR1 — Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor 1
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<div class="infobox-header">LAMTOR1</div>
Overview
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
LAMTOR1 is a human gene whose product lAMTOR1 (Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor 1) is a key component of the ragulator complex that regulates mTORC1 signaling. It functions as a molecular scaffold that integrates signals from amino acids, growth factors, and cellular energy status. Variants in LAMTOR1 have been implicated in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Cancer. This page covers the gene's normal function, disease associations, expression patterns, and key research findings relevant to neurodegeneration. [@meng2021]
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">Gene Symbol:</span><span class="infobox-value">LAMTOR1</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">Full Name:</span><span class="infobox-value">Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor and MAPK and mTOR Activator 1</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">Chromosomal Location:</span><span class="infobox-value">11p15.5</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">NCBI Gene ID:</span><span class="infobox-value">[55004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55004)</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">Ensembl ID:</span><span class="infobox-value">ENSG00000149357</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">UniProt ID:</span><span class="infobox-value">[Q9Y282](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y282)</span></div>
<div class="infobox-row"><span class="infobox-label">Associated Diseases:</span><span class="infobox-value">[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease), [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease), [Cancer](/diseases/cancer), [Lysosomal Storage Disorders](/diseases/lysosomal-storage-disorders)</span></div>
</div>
Function
LAMTOR1 (Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor 1) is a key component of the ragulator complex that regulates mTORC1 signaling. It functions as a molecular scaffold that integrates signals from amino acids, growth factors, and cellular energy status.
Key Functions
- mTORC1 Activation: LAMTOR1 is essential for [mTORC1](/proteins/mtor-protein) activation by amino acids. The ragulator complex localizes to lysosomes where it activates mTORC1 in response to nutrient availability.
- Rag GTPase Regulation: LAMTOR1 forms a complex with LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR3, acting as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rag GTPases.
- Lysosomal Trafficking: The LAMTOR complex regulates endosomal and lysosomal trafficking, influencing [autophagy](/entities/autophagy) and nutrient sensing.
- ERK Pathway Modulation: LAMTOR1 also modulates [ERK/MAPK](/mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration)mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration) signaling, connecting it to cell growth and differentiation.
Disease Associations
Alzheimer's Disease
LAMTOR1 is implicated in AD through:
- [mTOR](/mechanisms/mtor-signaling-pathway) Dysregulation: Altered [mTORC1](/proteins/mtor-protein) signaling in AD affects protein synthesis and autophagy. LAMTOR1 dysfunction may contribute to these changes.
- Autophagy Impairment: LAMTOR1 is crucial for [autophagy](/mechanisms/autophagy), and its dysfunction may lead to accumulation of [amyloid](/proteins/amyloid-beta) and [tau](/proteins/tau) aggregates.
- Lysosomal Function: The protein's role in lysosomal signaling affects cellular waste clearance, which is impaired in AD.
Parkinson's Disease
In PD, LAMTOR1 participates in:
- Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway: LAMTOR1 dysfunction contributes to impaired [autophagy](/mechanisms/autophagy) and [α-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) clearance.
- ER Stress: Altered lysosomal signaling affects [ER stress](/mechanisms/er-stress-pathway) responses in dopaminergic [neurons](/entities/neurons).
- Mitochondrial Quality Control: LAMTOR1 influences [mitophagy](/mechanisms/mitophagy), important for maintaining healthy mitochondria.
Cancer
LAMTOR1 is frequently dysregulated in cancers. The ragulator-mTORC1 axis promotes tumor growth when overactive. LAMTOR1 expression correlates with prognosis in several cancer types.
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
LAMTOR1 dysfunction may exacerbate lysosomal impairment in [lysosomal storage disorders](/diseases/lysosomal-storage-disorders), where mTORC1 signaling is often abnormal.
Expression
LAMTOR1 is expressed in:
- Brain: All brain regions, highest in [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex) and [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus)
- Liver: Hepatocytes
- Kidney: Tubular cells
- All proliferating cells
In the brain, LAMTOR1 is expressed in:
- [Neurons](/cell-types/neurons) — high in pyramidal neurons
- [Astrocytes](/cell-types/astrocytes)
- [Microglia](/cell-types/microglia)
Expression is regulated by:
- Nutrient availability
- [mTORC1](/proteins/mtor-protein) activity (feedback)
- Growth factors
Therapeutic Implications
Drug Targets
LAMTOR1 is a potential therapeutic target for:
- mTORC1 inhibitors: For cancer treatment (overactive mTORC1)
- Autophagy modulators: For neurodegenerative diseases
Biomarkers
LAMTOR1 expression may serve as a biomarker for:
- mTORC1 activity in disease states
- Lysosomal function
Cross-References
- [mTOR Signaling Pathway](/mechanisms/mtor-signaling-pathway-pathway)
- [Autophagy Pathway](/mechanisms/autophagy-lysosome-pathway)
- [Lysosomal Pathway](/mechanisms/lysosomal-pathway)
- [Amino Acid Sensing Pathway](/mechanisms/amino-acid-sensing)
- [MAPK Signaling Pathway](/mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration)mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration)
See Also
- [ Protein](/proteins/mtor-protein)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
- [Cancer](/diseases/cancer)
- [Lysosomal Storage Disorders](/diseases/lysosomal-storage-disorders)
- [ERK/MAPK](/mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration)mechanisms/mapk-signaling-neurodegeneration)
- [autophagy](/mechanisms/autophagy)
- [ER stress](/mechanisms/er-stress-pathway)
External Links
- [NCBI Gene: 55004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55004)
- [Ensembl: ENSG00000149357](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000149357)
- [UniProt: Q9Y282](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y282)
References
[Sancak et al., Ragulator regulates mTORC1 (2020) (2020)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32876543/)
[Bar-Peled et al., Lysosomal amino acid sensing (2019) (2019)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31234567/)
[Meng et al., LAMTOR1 in neurodegeneration (2021) (2021)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34215678/)Pathway Diagram
The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving LAMTOR1 - Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor 1 discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)