UBE2N

UBE2N Gene — Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 N

Introduction

```mermaid
flowchart TD
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classDef protein fill:#0a1929,stroke:#2196f3
classDef disease fill:#2d0f0f,stroke:#e91e63
classDef pathway fill:#3e2200,stroke:#ff9800
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UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"implicated_in"| neurodegeneration["neurodegeneration"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| TAK1["TAK1"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| NF__B["NF-KB"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| FERROPTOSIS["FERROPTOSIS"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| CANCER["CANCER"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| CDK1["CDK1"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Colorectal_Cancer["Colorectal Cancer"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Cancer["Cancer"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Tumor["Tumor"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Metastasis["Metastasis"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Nf__b["Nf-Kb"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] ==>|"activates"| Ferroptosis["Ferroptosis"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| Als["Als"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| DNAJB6["DNAJB6"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| CRBN["CRBN"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| RNA["RNA"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| AND["AND"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| PPP2CB["PPP2CB"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| ALS["ALS"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| Proteins["Proteins"]
UBE2N["UBE2N"] -->|"interacts_with"| Encephalitis["Encephalitis"]
UB

UBE2N Gene — Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 N

Introduction

Ube2N is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#6a1b9a; color:white; text-align:center; font-size:1.1em;">UBE2N Gene</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Gene Symbol</strong></td><td>UBE2N</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Full Name</strong></td><td>Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 N</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Chromosomal Location</strong></td><td>19q13.43</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>NCBI Gene ID</strong></td><td>[7334](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7334)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>OMIM ID</strong></td><td>607252</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Ensembl ID</strong></td><td>[ENSG00000108987](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000108987)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td><td>[P61079](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P61079)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Name</strong></td><td>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Aliases</strong></td><td>Ubc13, UEV1A, E2-25K</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Associated Diseases</strong></td><td>Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Neuroinflammation, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

UBE2N (Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 N), also known as Ubc13 or UEV1A, encodes a key enzyme in the [ubiquitin-proteasome system](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system) (UPS) that catalyzes the formation of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains[@deng2000][@tokunaga2009]. Unlike Lys48-linked ubiquitination which targets proteins for proteasomal degradation, Lys63-linked polyubiquitination primarily serves non-degradative signaling functions including [NF-κB](/entities/nf-kb) activation, DNA damage repair, immune signaling, and endosomal trafficking[@xia2009].

Normal Function

Ubiquitin Conjugation Activity

UBE2N forms a heterodimer with UEV1A (UBE2V1) or MMS2 (UBE2V2) to catalyze Lys63-linked polyubiquitination:

Key Biological Pathways

• NF-κB Signaling: Lys63-polyubiquitin chains on TRAF6, NEMO, and other signaling intermediates activate NF-κB transcription factors[@adhikari2007]
• DNA Damage Repair: UBE2N-mediated ubiquitination promotes recruitment of repair factors to DNA double-strand breaks[@hofmann2009]
• Endosomal Trafficking: Ubiquitination of membrane proteins regulates sorting into multivesicular bodies
• Synaptic Function: UBE2N is enriched in synapses and regulates postsynaptic signaling

Expression Pattern

UBE2N is ubiquitously expressed with high levels in:

• Brain ([cortex](/brain-regions/cortex), [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus), basal ganglia)
• Immune cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages)
• Peripheral tissues (liver, kidney)

Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer's Disease

In Alzheimer's disease, UBE2N dysfunction contributes to:

• [Tau](/proteins/tau) Pathology: Altered UBE2N activity affects tau ubiquitination and aggregation[@tai2012]
• Amyloid-β Signaling: Lys63-ubiquitination modulates [APP](/entities/app-protein) processing and [Aβ](/proteins/amyloid-beta) toxicity
• Synaptic Loss: Impaired synaptic ubiquitin signaling contributes to dendritic spine degeneration
• Neuroinflammation: NF-κB hyperactivation via UBE2N promotes chronic neuroinflammation

Parkinson's Disease

UBE2N plays complex roles in PD:

• [α-Synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) Turnover: The enzyme regulates [autophagy](/entities/autophagy) and lysosomal degradation of α-synuclein aggregates[@tofaris2012]
• Mitochondrial Quality Control: UBE2N-mediated ubiquitination participates in mitophagy
• LRRK2 Signaling: UBE2N interacts with LRRK2 kinase pathway
• Dopaminergic Vulnerability: Altered ubiquitination may contribute to selective dopaminergic neuron loss

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

• Protein Aggregation: UBE2N dysfunction may contribute to [TDP-43](/mechanisms/tdp-43-proteinopathy) and SOD1 aggregate formation[@chen2011]
• RNA Metabolism: Interactions with RNA-binding proteins affected in ALS
• Axonal Transport: Ubiquitin signaling deficits impair axonal homeostasis

Neuroinflammation

UBE2N is a critical regulator of neuroinflammation through:

• Microglial Activation: NF-κB pathway activation in [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation)
• Cytokine Production: Regulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression
• T Cell Polarization: Antigen presentation and adaptive immunity

Therapeutic Implications

Target Rationale

UBE2N represents a therapeutic target for neurodegeneration:

Drug Development Status

• No UBE2N-targeted drugs are currently in clinical trials for neurodegeneration
• Preclinical studies of NF-κB modulators show promise in AD/PD models
• Gene therapy approaches to enhance UPS function are under investigation

Diagnostic and Biomarker Potential

• Research Use: UBE2N expression levels studied as potential biomarker
• Genetic Variants: Some UBE2N SNPs associated with AD risk
• Therapeutic Monitoring: Could serve as pharmacodynamic marker

Animal Models

• Knockout Mice: UBE2N knockout is embryonic lethal; conditional knockouts used
• Transgenic Models: Overexpression models show NF-κB dysregulation
• Phenotypes: Defects in immune function, DNA repair, and synaptic plasticity

Interactions and Pathways

Protein Interactions

• UBE2V1/V2: Heterodimer formation for chain synthesis
• TRAF6: Downstream NF-κB activator
• NEMO: NF-κB essential modifier
• TRAF2: TNF receptor-associated factor
• RIP1: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1

Signaling Cascades

TNF-α/NF-κB Pathway:
TNF-α → TNFR1 → TRAF2/6 → UBE2N-mediated ubiquitination → NEMO → IKK → IκB degradation → NF-κB nuclear translocation → Gene transcription

DNA Damage Pathway:
DNA damage → ATM/ATR → RNF8/RNF168 → UBE2N ubiquitination → BRCA1 recruitment → DNA repair

Research Challenges

See Also

• [Ubiquitin-Proteasome System](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system)
• [NF-κB Signaling in Neurodegeneration](/nf-κb-signaling-in-neurodegeneration)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)
• [UBE2N Protein](/proteins/ube2n-protein)

External Links

• [NCBI Gene: UBE2N](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7334)
• [UniProt: P61079](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P61079)
• [Ensembl: ENSG00000108987](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000108987)
• [UCSC Genome Browser](https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr19:44%2C154%2C589-44%2C162%2C585)

Background

The study of Ube2N has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

References

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving UBE2N discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: