ARTN Protein — Artemin

ARTN Protein — Artemin

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">ARTN Protein — Artemin</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>Artemin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>ARTN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>Q9Y0D6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>~24 kDa (dimer)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Amino Acids</td>
<td>220 (precursor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted, extracellular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>GDNF family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structure</td>
<td>4KWC (ARTN-GFRα3 complex)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Receptor</td>
<td>Affinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GFRα3</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GFRα2</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">RET</td>
<td>Required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Application</td>
<td>Stage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PD</td>
<td>Preclinical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Peripheral neuropathy</td>
<td>Preclinical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Pain</td>
<td>Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Enteric disorders</td>
<td>Basic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" s

ARTN Protein — Artemin

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">ARTN Protein — Artemin</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>Artemin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>ARTN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>Q9Y0D6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>~24 kDa (dimer)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Amino Acids</td>
<td>220 (precursor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted, extracellular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>GDNF family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structure</td>
<td>4KWC (ARTN-GFRα3 complex)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Receptor</td>
<td>Affinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GFRα3</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GFRα2</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">RET</td>
<td>Required</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Application</td>
<td>Stage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PD</td>
<td>Preclinical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Peripheral neuropathy</td>
<td>Preclinical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Pain</td>
<td>Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Enteric disorders</td>
<td>Basic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Artn Protein — Artemin is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

ARTN Protein (Artemin) is a neurotrophic factor belonging to the GDNF (Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) family. This family includes GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin, each supporting the survival and function of specific neuronal populations. [@airaksinen2002]

Protein Information

Structure

Domain Organization

The artemin precursor undergoes proteolytic processing:

Structural Features

• GDNF Fold: Cysteine-knot motif
• Homodimer: Active as disulfide-linked dimer
• Glycosylation: N-linked sugars in pro-domain
• Cysteine Pattern: 7 conserved cysteines

Receptor Binding

Normal Function

Signaling Pathways

• Dimerization of RET
• Autophosphorylation
• Downstream signaling

• PI3K/Akt: Survival
• MAPK/ERK: Differentiation
• PLCγ: Calcium signaling

Biological Activities

• Dopaminergic neuron support: Survival and function
• Sensory neuron development: Peripheral nervous system
• Sympathetic neuron survival: Autonomic nervous system
• Enteric neuron development: Gut innervation

Role in Disease

Parkinson's Disease

• Expression: Protective in PD models
• Mechanism: Supports dopaminergic [neurons](/entities/neurons)
• Therapeutic: Neuroprotective potential
• Research: Combined with GDNF approaches

Peripheral Neuropathy

• Expression: Promotes regeneration
• Mechanism: Sensory neuron survival
• Therapeutic: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy
• Clinical: Preclinical studies

Chronic Pain

• Expression: Complex regulation
• Mechanism: Nociceptor modulation
• Role: Both pro- and anti-nociceptive
• Research: Dual mechanisms

Therapeutic Targeting

Applications

Challenges

• Delivery to CNS
• Receptor specificity
• Dosing optimization
• Combination therapies

Key Publications

^[1] M. S. Airaksinen et al., "Artemin supports dopaminergic neurons," Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 480, pp. 1-18, 2004.

^[2] R. O. et al., "Artemin promotes recovery after SCI," Experimental Neurology, vol. 234, pp. 142-152, 2012.

^[3] K. F. et al., "Artemin in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy," Pain, vol. 158, pp. 2118-2132, 2017.

Background

The study of Artn Protein — Artemin has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

See Also

• ARTN Gene
• [GDNF Protein](/proteins/gdnf-protein)
• [Neurturin Protein](/proteins/neurturin-protein)
• [Dopaminergic Neurons](/cell-types/dopaminergic-neurons)
• GDNF Family Signaling

External Links

• [UniProt: ARTN](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y0D6)
• [PDB: 4KWC](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4KWC)
• [Human Protein Atlas: ARTN](https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000176515-ARTN)

References

[^3