Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are primitive cortical neurons that play crucial roles in brain development and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. [@lambert1999]

Overview

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are primitive cortical neurons that play crucial roles in brain development and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. [@lambert1999]

Overview

Cajal-Retzius cells are among the first-generated neurons in the mammalian brain, originating from the cortical hem and meningeal compartments. They are primarily known for their role in cortical lamination via reelin secretion. [@chia2013]

<!-- taxonomy-enrichment -->

<!-- multi-taxonomy-enrichment -->

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Taxonomy & Classification

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Distribution

• Hippocampus: Located in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus proper
• Dentate gyrus: Found in the molecular layer
• Entorhinal cortex: Scattered in layer I
• Neocortex: Predominantly in layer I

Marker Genes

• Reelin (RELN) - primary secreted protein
• Calretinin (CALB2) - calcium binding protein
• p73 (TP73) - transcription factor
• Cdh2 (N-cadherin) - cell adhesion

Normal Function

Cortical Development

• Reelin secretion: Essential for neuronal migration and cortical layer formation
• Synaptogenesis: Formation of excitatory synapses
• Dendritic development: Guide dendritic arborization
• Axon pathfinding: Direct callosal axons

Adult Brain Function

• Synaptic plasticity: Modulation of long-term potentiation
• Memory formation: Role in hippocampal-dependent learning
• Sensorimotor integration: Integration of sensory information

In Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

• Early vulnerability: CR cells show degeneration in AD
• Reelin decline: Reduced reelin expression in AD brain
• Amyloid interaction: Aβ affects CR cell survival
• Tau pathology: CR cells accumulate tau aggregates

Other Neurodegenerative Conditions

• Epilepsy: Altered CR cell function
• Schizophrenia: Implicated in developmental pathogenesis
• Aging: Progressive loss of CR cells

Therapeutic Relevance

Potential Interventions

• Reelin supplementation: Gene therapy approaches
• CR cell transplantation: Cell replacement strategies
• Reelin mimetics: Small molecule activators

Research Methods

• Electrophysiology: Whole-cell patch clamp recordings
• Morphology: Golgi impregnation, dendritic reconstruction
• Molecular biology: Single-cell RNA sequencing
• Live imaging: Two-photon microscopy

Cross-Links

• [cell-types/hippocampal-c1-neurons](/cell-types/neurons)
• [cell-types/dentate-gyrus-granule-cells](/cell-types)
• [proteins/reelin](/content/proteins)
• [diseases/alzheimers](/content/diseases)

Background

The study of Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

See Also

• [/diseases/alzheimers-disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Amyloid Hypothesis](/mechanisms/amyloid-hypothesis)
• [/mechanisms/tau-pathology](/mechanisms/tau-pathology)
• [APP Processing](/mechanisms/app-processing)
• [Amyloid Aggregation](/mechanisms/amyloid-aggregation)

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
• [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
• [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data