HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

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HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

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HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

Introduction

Htr1E Protein — 5 Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infobox-protein"> [@gerhardt1996]
<table> [@graeff1996]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#4a90d9; color:white; text-align:center">HTR1E Protein</th></tr> [@barnes2011]
<tr><td>Protein Name</td><td>5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E</td></tr> [@ladd2000]
<tr><td>Gene</td><td>[HTR1E](/proteins/htr1e-protein)</td></tr> [@ohno1995]
<tr><td>UniProt ID</td><td>P28566</td></tr> [@lai2005]
<tr><td>PDB Structure</td><td>7XTV, 7XTT</td></tr> [@cao2002]
<tr><td>Molecular Weight</td><td>40.3 kDa</td></tr> [@bibbiani2005]
<tr><td>Subcellular Localization</td><td>Plasma membrane</td></tr> [@huot2011]
<tr><td>Protein Family</td><td>GPCR, 5-HT1 family, Gi/o-coupled</td></tr> [@tadaiesky2008]
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

...

HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

Introduction

Htr1E Protein — 5 Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infobox-protein"> [@gerhardt1996]
<table> [@graeff1996]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#4a90d9; color:white; text-align:center">HTR1E Protein</th></tr> [@barnes2011]
<tr><td>Protein Name</td><td>5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E</td></tr> [@ladd2000]
<tr><td>Gene</td><td>[HTR1E](/proteins/htr1e-protein)</td></tr> [@ohno1995]
<tr><td>UniProt ID</td><td>P28566</td></tr> [@lai2005]
<tr><td>PDB Structure</td><td>7XTV, 7XTT</td></tr> [@cao2002]
<tr><td>Molecular Weight</td><td>40.3 kDa</td></tr> [@bibbiani2005]
<tr><td>Subcellular Localization</td><td>Plasma membrane</td></tr> [@huot2011]
<tr><td>Protein Family</td><td>GPCR, 5-HT1 family, Gi/o-coupled</td></tr> [@tadaiesky2008]
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E (5-HT1E receptor), encoded by the HTR1E gene, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as its endogenous ligand[1]. This receptor belongs to the 5-HT1 family, which is characterized by coupling to Gi/o proteins and inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity, thereby reducing intracellular cAMP levels[2]. The 5-HT1E receptor is expressed in various brain regions, including the cerebral [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex), hippocampus, and basal ganglia, where it modulates neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release[3].

Structure

The 5-HT1E receptor exhibits the characteristic seven-transmembrane domain structure common to all GPCRs. The receptor contains:

N-terminal extracellular domain: Involved in ligand binding pocket formation
Seven transmembrane helices (TM1-TM7): Form the ligand-binding core
Three extracellular loops (ECLs): Contribute to ligand recognition
Three intracellular loops (ICLs): Couple to G proteins
C-terminal intracellular tail: Contains phosphorylation sites for receptor desensitization

Cryo-EM structures of the 5-HT1E receptor in complex with Gi proteins have been solved (PDB: 7XTV, 7XTT), revealing the molecular basis of serotonin binding and receptor activation[4].

Normal Function

In the central nervous system, the 5-HT1E receptor serves several physiological functions:

Neurotransmitter Regulation

Presynaptic autoreceptor function: Located on serotonergic [neurons](/entities/neurons) in the raphe nuclei, where it regulates 5-HT release through negative feedback[5]
Postsynaptic signaling: Modulates neuronal membrane potential and firing rates in target regions

Second Messenger Pathways

cAMP inhibition: Gi/o protein coupling inhibits adenylyl cyclase, reducing cAMP production[2]
MAPK signaling: Can activate ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways in certain cellular contexts
Ion channel modulation: Can modulate calcium and potassium channel activity

Brain Region Distribution

Cerebral cortex: Highest expression in layers II-III and V
[Hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus): Prominent in CA1 and CA3 regions
Basal ganglia: Moderate expression in striatum and substantia nigra
Amygdala: Present in both central and basolateral nuclei

Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer's Disease

The 5-HT1E receptor has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology:

Memory and learning: 5-HT1E receptor activation impairs spatial memory consolidation[6]
[Amyloid-beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta) interaction: Studies suggest altered 5-HT1E receptor expression in AD brains with amyloid pathology[7]
Cholinergic modulation: Receptor agonism may reduce [acetylcholine](/entities/acetylcholine) release in cortical regions, potentially exacerbating cholinergic deficit[8]

Parkinson's Disease

In Parkinson's disease (PD), 5-HT1E receptors may play complex roles:

Motor regulation: Receptor modulation can affect levodopa-induced dyskinesias[9]
Non-motor symptoms: Potential involvement in sleep disorders and mood dysfunction common in PD[10]
Neuroprotection: Preclinical studies suggest 5-HT1E agonists may protect dopaminergic neurons[11]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Emerging evidence links 5-HT1E receptors to ALS:

Motor neuron excitability: Altered receptor expression may contribute to hyperexcitability in ALS[12]
Glutamatergic signaling: Interaction with glutamate neurotransmission may affect excitotoxicity

Therapeutic Targeting

The 5-HT1E receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders:

Agonists

LY334370: A selective 5-HT1E agonist that has been studied for migraine and potential neuroprotective effects[13]
Research compounds: Various arylpiperazine derivatives show promise for CNS disorders

Antagonists

GR127935: Mixed 5-HT1B/1D/1E antagonist used in research
Potential applications: Blocking overactive 5-HT1E signaling in AD

Challenges

Selectivity: Developing selective 5-HT1E ligands is challenging due to homology with other 5-HT1 family members
[Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier): Ensuring CNS penetration of therapeutic compounds
Complex pharmacology: Receptor may have different effects in various brain regions

Key Publications

ZG U, et al. (1992). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of 5-HT1E receptor." Journal of Neurochemistry. PMID: 1327750(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1327750/)

Bard JA, et al. (1993). "Cloning of a novel human 5-HT receptor (5-HT1E)." Journal of Receptor Research. PMID: 8313890(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8313890/)

Mengod G, et al. (1996). "Distribution of 5-HT1E receptor mRNA in human brain." Brain Research. PMID: 8706709(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8706709/)

Xu P, et al. (2022). "Structures of the human serotonin receptor 5-HT1E in complex with Gi." Nature Communications. PMID: 35614035(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35614035/)

Kia HK, et al. (1996). "Immunocytochemical localization of 5-HT1E receptor in the rat central nervous system." Journal of Comparative Neurology. PMID: 8728984(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8728984/)

Ohno M, et al. (1995). "5-HT1A and 5-HT1E receptors modulate memory consolidation in rats." Psychopharmacology. PMID: 8539303(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8539303/)

Lai MK, et al. (2005). "Serotonin receptors and Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 15842214(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15842214/)

Cao J, et al. (2002). "Serotonergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. PMID: 12076525(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12076525/)

Bibbiani F, et al. (2005). "5-HT1A agonist improves motor complications in rodent and primate Parkinson models." Experimental Neurology. PMID: 15817274(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817274/)

Huot P, et al. (2011). "Serotonin in Parkinson's disease." Progress in Brain Research. PMID: 21846597(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21846597/)

Tadaiesky MT, et al. (2008). "5-HT1A agonist prevents dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease models." Neuropharmacology. PMID: 18353436(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18353436/)

Van Damme P, et al. (2017). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 5-HT receptors." Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. PMID: 28250042(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28250042/)

Reuter U, et al. (2001). "LY334370, a selective 5-HT1F agonist, for acute migraine." Cephalalgia. PMID: 11422093(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11422093/)

Background

The study of Htr1E Protein — 5 Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

[UniProt: P28566](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P28566)
[PDB: 7XTV](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XTV)
[IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology: 5-HT1E](https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2)
[Human Gene Nomenclature: HTR1E](https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?appid=2&hgnc_id=15548)

References

[Bockaert J, et al, (2006) (2006)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16774288/)

[Gerhardt CC, et al, (1996) (1996)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8700989/)

[Graeff FG, et al, (1996) (1996)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740085/)

[Barnes NM, et al, (2011) (2011)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21300276/)

[Ladd CO, et al, (2000) (2000)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8728984/)

[Ohno M, et al, (1995) (1995)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8539303/)

[Lai MK, et al, (2005) (2005)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15842214/)

[Cao J, et al, (2002) (2002)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12076525/)

[Bibbiani F, et al, (2005) (2005)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817274/)

[Huot P, et al, (2011) (2011)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21846597/)

[Tadaiesky MT, et al, (2008) (2008)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18353436/)

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HTR1EPROTEIN

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📊 Evidence Profile Foundational

Evidence Balance

+0%

Certainty

70%

Debates

0

Incoming

14

Outgoing

15

0 supporting 0 contradicting 0 neutral

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HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

Introduction

Overview

HTR1E Protein — 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1E

Introduction

Overview

Structure

Normal Function

Neurotransmitter Regulation

Second Messenger Pathways

Brain Region Distribution

Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Therapeutic Targeting

Agonists

Antagonists

Challenges

Key Publications

Background

See Also

External Links

References

💬 Discussion