PSMB10 Protein

PSMB10 Protein — Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10 (LMP10)

Introduction

Psmb10 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infobox-protein">
<div class="infobox-header">PSMB10</div>
<table>
<tr><th>Full Name</th><td>Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10</td></tr>
<tr><th>Gene</th><td>[PSMB10](/genes/psmb10)</td></tr>
<tr><th>UniProt ID</th><td>[P40306](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P40306)</td></tr>
<tr><th>PDB ID</th><td>[5VFP](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/5VFP)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Molecular Weight</th><td>28.9 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><th>EC Number</th><td>3.4.25.1</td></tr>
<tr><th>Subcellular Localization</th><td>Cytoplasm, Nucleus</td></tr>
<tr><th>Protein Family</th><td>Proteasome beta subunit family</td></tr>
<tr><th>Aliases</th><td>LMP10, LMP7, ME10</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

PSMB10 (Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10), also known as LMP10 (Low Molecular Mass Polypeptide 10), is a catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome[@groettrup2021]. It provides chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity and is primarily expressed in immune cells where it plays a crucial role in antigen processing and presentation. PSMB10 can also be expressed in [neurons](/entities/neurons) under certain stress conditions[@ferrington2020].

...

PSMB10 Protein — Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10 (LMP10)

Introduction

Psmb10 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infobox-protein">
<div class="infobox-header">PSMB10</div>
<table>
<tr><th>Full Name</th><td>Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10</td></tr>
<tr><th>Gene</th><td>[PSMB10](/genes/psmb10)</td></tr>
<tr><th>UniProt ID</th><td>[P40306](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P40306)</td></tr>
<tr><th>PDB ID</th><td>[5VFP](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/5VFP)</td></tr>
<tr><th>Molecular Weight</th><td>28.9 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><th>EC Number</th><td>3.4.25.1</td></tr>
<tr><th>Subcellular Localization</th><td>Cytoplasm, Nucleus</td></tr>
<tr><th>Protein Family</th><td>Proteasome beta subunit family</td></tr>
<tr><th>Aliases</th><td>LMP10, LMP7, ME10</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">1 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

PSMB10 (Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-10), also known as LMP10 (Low Molecular Mass Polypeptide 10), is a catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome[@groettrup2021]. It provides chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity and is primarily expressed in immune cells where it plays a crucial role in antigen processing and presentation. PSMB10 can also be expressed in [neurons](/entities/neurons) under certain stress conditions[@ferrington2020].

The immunoproteasome is an inducible form of the proteasome that contains alternative catalytic subunits (PSMB8/LMP7, PSMB9/LMP2, PSMB10/LMP10) that replace their constitutive counterparts in the 20S core particle. This generates peptides with different cleavage preferences, optimized for MHC class I antigen presentation[@kim2022].

Structure

Primary Structure

• Amino acids: 276 residues
• Molecular weight: 28.9 kDa
• N-terminal threonine: Catalytic residue (Thr1)
• Inducible expression: Interferon-γ regulated

Three-Dimensional Structure

PSMB10 shares the classic β-subunit fold:

• N-terminal domain: Catalytic β-propeller
• C-terminal domain: Supporting α-helical bundle
• Active site: Thr1 for nucleophilic attack

Subunit Composition

In the immunoproteasome:

• Replaces PSMB5 (β5) in the constitutive proteasome
• Works with LMP2 (PSMB9) and LMP7 (PSMB8)

Biological Function

Proteolytic Activity

PSMB10 provides chymotrypsin-like activity:

• Cleavage specificity: After hydrophobic residues
• Substrates: Proteins destined for antigen presentation
• Rate: Higher catalytic efficiency than constitutive β5

Immune Function

Antigen processing: Generates 8-10 residue peptides for MHC I

Immune surveillance: Essential for CD8+ T cell responses

Cytokine regulation: Affects inflammatory responses

Autoimmunity: Altered expression in autoimmune diseases

Expression Patterns

• Constitutive: Bone marrow, immune tissues
• Inducible: Most tissues under IFN-γ stimulation
• Neuronal: Low basal, induced under stress

Role in Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

• Neuroinflammation: IFN-γ from [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) may induce immunoproteasome
• Antigen presentation: May enhance autoimmune responses
• Protein clearance: Altered proteasome composition
• Therapeutic considerations: Modulating immunoproteasome[@liu2023]

Parkinson's Disease

• Neuroinflammation: Microglial activation
• Protein aggregation: Impaired clearance
• Therapeutic potential: Target neuroinflammation

ALS

• Motor neuron immunity: Altered proteasome in disease
• Neuroinflammation: Glial contributions
• Therapeutic target: Immunomodulation

Multiple Sclerosis

• Demyelination: Immune-mediated damage
• Therapeutic: Immunoproteasome inhibitors in trials

Therapeutic Implications

Drug Development

Immunoproteasome selective inhibitors: For autoimmune diseases

Neuroprotective strategies: Modulate neuroinflammation

Combination approaches: With immunomodulators

Research Tools

• Selective inhibitors: ONX-0914, PR-957
• Activity probes: For measuring activity
• Transgenic models: PSMB10 knockout mice

Cross-Links

• [PSMB10 Gene](/genes/psmb10) — Gene page
• [Proteasome](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system) — [UPS](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system)
• [Immunoproteasome](/mechanisms/immunoproteasome) — Immune proteasome
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease) — AD

Background

The study of Psmb10 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

See Also

• [Proteasome in Neurodegeneration](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system)
• [Protein Aggregation](/mechanisms/protein-aggregation-neurodegeneration)
• [Ubiquitin-Proteasome System](/mechanisms/ubiquitin-proteasome-system)

External Links

• [UniProt](https://www.uniprot.org/)
• [NCBI Protein Database](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/)

References

[Groettrup M, et al, The immunoproteasome in antigen processing and other immune functions (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00578-x)

[Ferrington DA, et al, Altered proteasome in neurodegenerative disease (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15143)

[Kim HM, et al, Immunoproteasome structure and function (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.015)

[Liu Y, et al, Targeting immunoproteasome for neurodegenerative diseases (2023)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2022.12.006)