Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons

Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000162](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000162](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Region</td>
<td>Function</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ventral intraparietal (VIP)</td>
<td>Multisensory integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lateral intraparietal (LIP)</td>
<td>Saccadic eye movements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Medial intraparietal (MIP)</td>
<td>Reaching movements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anterior intraparietal (AIP)</td>
<td>Grasp manipulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Marker</td>
<td>Expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CaBP (CaBP1)</td>
<td>GABAergic neurons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Reelin</td>
<td>Cortical development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cux1/Cux2</td>
<td>Upper layer markers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SATB2</td

Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000162](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000162](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Region</td>
<td>Function</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ventral intraparietal (VIP)</td>
<td>Multisensory integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Lateral intraparietal (LIP)</td>
<td>Saccadic eye movements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Medial intraparietal (MIP)</td>
<td>Reaching movements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anterior intraparietal (AIP)</td>
<td>Grasp manipulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Marker</td>
<td>Expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CaBP (CaBP1)</td>
<td>GABAergic neurons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Reelin</td>
<td>Cortical development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cux1/Cux2</td>
<td>Upper layer markers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SATB2</td>
<td>Callosal neurons</td>
</tr>
</table>

Posterior Parietal [Cortex](/brain-regions/cortex) [Neurons](/entities/neurons) is an important cell type in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) integrates multisensory information to guide spatial awareness, reaching, and navigation. It contains multiple specialized neuronal populations that process visual, somatosensory, and vestibular inputs. [@fogassi2005]

<!-- taxonomy-enrichment --> [@whitwell2008]

<!-- multi-taxonomy-enrichment -->

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000162)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000162)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000162)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Taxonomy & Classification

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000162)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000162)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000162)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000162)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Neuroanatomy

Location

The PPC is located in the parietal lobe, posterior to primary somatosensory cortex, encompassing Brodmann areas 5, 7, and parts of 40.

Key Regions

Molecular Markers

Function

Spatial Processing

• Visual guidance: Processes visual information for movement
• Somatosensory integration: Combines proprioceptive and tactile inputs
• Spatial attention: Guides eye and limb movements

Sensorimotor Transformation

• Converts sensory coordinates to motor coordinates
• Maintains body schema
• Supports visuomotor adaptation

Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease {#alzheimers-disease}

• PPC shows early [amyloid-beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta) deposition
• [Tau](/proteins/tau) pathology in posterior cortical areas
• Deficits in spatial orientation and navigation
• [Optic ataxia](/diseases/posterior-cortical-atrophy) in [posterior cortical atrophy](/diseases/posterior-cortical-atrophy) (PCA)
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation) in PPC

Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA)

• [Neurodegeneration](/diseases/posterior-cortical-atrophy) of occipitoparietal regions
• Visual processing deficits
• [Tau](/proteins/tau) predominant pathology (AD spectrum)
• Akinetopsia (motion perception loss)

Parkinson's Disease {#parkinsons-disease}

• Impaired spatial processing in [PD](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• Reduced reaching accuracy
• Contributes to [freezing of gait](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Alpha-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) pathology in PPC

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)

• [PPC](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration) involvement in [CBD](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration)
• [Tau](/proteins/tau) pathology spreading
• Apraxia of limb movement
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation) contribution

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

• [PSP](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy) affects parietal connectivity
• [Tau](/proteins/tau) pathology in PPC neurons
• Oculomotor dysfunction overlaps with spatial processing

Molecular Mechanisms

Amyloid and Tau Pathology

• [Amyloid-beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta) plaques in PPC in [AD](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Tau](/proteins/tau) neurofibrillary tangles in PPC
• [APP](/proteins/app-protein) processing dysregulation
• [GSK3β](/mechanisms/gsk3-beta) involvement in tau phosphorylation

Neuroinflammation

• [Microglial activation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation) in [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex)
• [Astrocyte](/cell-types/astrocytes) response to pathology
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation) drives progression

Synaptic Dysfunction

• [Synaptic dysfunction](/mechanisms/synaptic-dysfunction-pathway) in PPC circuits
• [Excitotoxicity](/mechanisms/excitotoxicity) from glutamate dysregulation
• [Calcium dysregulation](/mechanisms/calcium-dysregulation-alzheimers) in pyramidal neurons

Therapeutic Relevance

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation

• [Transcranial magnetic stimulation](/technologies/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation) (TMS) to PPC
• [Transcranial direct current stimulation](/technologies/transcranial-electrical-stimulation) (tDCS)
• [Cognitive training](/therapeutics/cognitive-training) for spatial deficits

Cognitive Rehabilitation

• Visual-spatial training for [AD](/diseases/alzheimers-disease) patients
• Navigation training for [PCA](/diseases/posterior-cortical-atrophy)
• Occupational therapy for apraxia

Pharmacological Targets

• [Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors](/therapeutics/acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors) (donepezil, rivastigmine)
• [Glutamate modulators](/therapeutics/memantine) (memantine)
• [Amyloid-targeting](/therapeutics/anti-amyloid-therapies) therapies

See Also

• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Posterior Cortical Atrophy](/diseases/posterior-cortical-atrophy)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Corticobasal Degeneration](/diseases/corticobasal-degeneration)
• [Progressive Supranuclear Palsy](/diseases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy)
• [Tau Protein](/proteins/tau)
• [Amyloid-Beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta)
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)
• [Brain Regions](/brain-regions)
• [Neuroprotection](/therapeutics/neuroprotection)

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: