CCL2/MCP-1 Protein

CCL2/MCP-1 Protein

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL2/MCP-1 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>CCL2/MCP-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene</td>
<td>[CCL2](/proteins/ccl2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[P13500](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structures</td>
<td>1DOM, 5D42, 5D43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>11 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>C-C chemokine family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Drug/Approach</td>
<td>Target</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brilliant Blue G</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">A-438079</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anti-C1q antibodies</td>
<td>C1q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR2 antagonists</td>
<td>CCL2/CCR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Galectin-3 inhibitors</td>
<td>LGALS3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/asthma" style="color:#ef9

CCL2/MCP-1 Protein

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-protein">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">CCL2/MCP-1 Protein</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Name</td>
<td>CCL2/MCP-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene</td>
<td>[CCL2](/proteins/ccl2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[P13500](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PDB Structures</td>
<td>1DOM, 5D42, 5D43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>11 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Subcellular Localization</td>
<td>Secreted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Family</td>
<td>C-C chemokine family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Drug/Approach</td>
<td>Target</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Brilliant Blue G</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">A-438079</td>
<td>P2X7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Anti-C1q antibodies</td>
<td>C1q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">CCR2 antagonists</td>
<td>CCL2/CCR2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Galectin-3 inhibitors</td>
<td>LGALS3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/alzheimer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Alzheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/asthma" style="color:#ef9a9a">Asthma</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">391 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

Ccl2 Mcp 1 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

CCL2 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) is a small secreted chemokine that binds to CCR2 receptor to recruit monocytes and [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) to sites of inflammation. It is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. [@ransohoff2015]

Overview

CCL2/MCP1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that recruits monocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation. In the brain, CCL2 activates microglia and promotes neuroinflammation. Elevated CCL2 is observed in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. [@conductier2010]

This protein is involved in: [@jakstat]

• Chemotaxis: Recruits immune cells to inflamed tissue
• Microglial activation: Promotes pro-inflammatory responses
• [Blood-brain barrier](/entities/blood-brain-barrier): Modulates BBB permeability
• Disease associations: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, MS, inflammatory diseases

Protein Overview

Structure

The CCL2/MCP-1 protein belongs to the C-C chemokine family. The protein contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).

Normal Function

CCL2/MCP-1 is involved in chemoattraction of monocytes and microglia to sites of injury.

Role in Disease

Alzheimer's Disease

CCL2/MCP-1 plays a role in AD pathogenesis through recruitment of microglia to amyloid plaques and promotion of neuroinflammation.

Parkinson's Disease

CCL2/MCP-1 contributes to PD through microglial recruitment to degenerating [neurons](/entities/neurons).

Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

The protein is implicated in multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain.

Therapeutic Targeting

Key Publications

Background

The study of Ccl2 Mcp 1 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

See Also

• CCL2 Gene
• [Proteins Index](/proteins)
• [Neuroinflammation Pathway](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation-pathway)
• [Microglia](/cell-types/microglia)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)

Expression Pattern

CCL2/MCP-1 is expressed in various cell types in the brain:

• Neurons: Produce CCL2 in response to injury or disease
• Astrocytes: Major source of CCL2 in neuroinflammation
• Microglia: Express CCL2 and respond to CCR2 signaling
• Endothelial cells: Produce CCL2 at the blood-brain barrier
• Oligodendrocytes: Variable expression in disease states

• Amyloid-beta deposition
• Tau pathology
• Alpha-synuclein aggregation
• Traumatic brain injury
• Ischemia

Signaling Pathways

CCL2 signals through multiple pathways:

CCR2-Mediated Signaling

[@jakstat]: JAK/STAT pathway: Induces gene expression

Downstre

• Monocyte recruitment: Attracts circulating monocytes to CNS
• Microglial activation: Potentiates pro-inflammatory responses
• Blood-brain barrier: Increases permeability
• Neuronal dysfunction: Contributes to synaptic impairment

Clinical Significance

Biomarker Potential

CCL2 has been investigated as a biomarker:

• CSF levels: Elevated in AD, PD, MS, and ALS
• Blood levels: Correl with disease severity in some studies
• Longitudinal changes: May track disease progression
• Therapeutic response: Could predict treatment outcomes

Genetic Associations

• CCL2 promoter polymorphisms: Associated with AD risk
• CCR2 variants: Impact migration and disease outcomes
• Expression QTLs: eQTLs in brain tissue

Research Directions

Key areas of ongoing research:

External Links

• [UniProt](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500)
• [PDB](https://www.rcsb.org/)
• [AlphaFold](https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/)

References